Higher mental functions within the applied areas of recent scientific discipline the idea of upper mental functions is developed not solely in line with the issues of general psychological science, however additionally within the study of problems with applied areas of recent scientific discipline. kid and academic psychological science.
They use the thought of higher mental functions within the study of the laws of development of mental processes in development, the mechanisms of their management and formation. Cultural-historical psychological science Bulgarian monetary unit Semenovich Vygotsky Subject: psyche reworked by culture David Emil sociologist For the primary time, the question of nature as a system-forming issue of the psyche was expose by the French social science faculty. Its founder E. sociologist (1858-1917) mistreatment the term "social fact" or "collective representation" illustrated ideas like "marriage", "childhood", "suicide".
Social facts area unit totally different from their individual incarnations (there is not any “family” normally, however there area unit associate degree infinite range of specific families) and area unit ideal in nature, that affects all members of society. Lucien Levy-Bruhl, mistreatment anthropology material, developed the thesis a couple of special variety of “primitive” thinking, that is totally different from the thinking of a civilized person.
State capital Janet more concentrated the principle of social determination, suggesting that external relations between individuals area unit bit by bit turning into structural options of the individual psyche. So, he was shown that the development of memory lies within the appropriation of external actions of the execution of directions and retelling. Lucien Levy-Bruhl The principle of cultural-historical determination of the psyche was most totally disclosed within the works of L.S. Vygotsky, United Nations agency developed the school of thought of upper mental functions. L.S. Vygotsky recommended the existence of 2 lines of development of the psyche: natural, culturally mediate. In accordance with these 2 lines of development, “lower” and “higher” mental functions area unit distinguished. samples of lower or natural mental functions area unit involuntary memory or involuntary attention of a baby. the kid cannot management them: he pays attention to what's brilliantly unexpected; remembers what was accidentally remembered.
The lower mental functions area unit a form of rudiments from that higher mental functions (in this instance, voluntary attention and arbitrary memory) grow out of the method of education. The transformation of lower mental functions into higher happens through the mastery of special tools of the psyche - signs and is cultural in nature. The role of sign systems within the formation and functioning of the human psyche is, of course, elementary - it determines a qualitatively new stage and a qualitatively totally different variety of the existence of the psyche.
Imagine that a savage United Nations agency doesn't own associate degree account must keep in mind a herd of cows in an exceedingly grassland. however can he got to deal with this task? He must produce associate degree correct visual image of what he saw, and so attempt to resurrect it before his eyes. possibly, he can fail, miss one thing. you only have to be compelled to count the cows and so say: "I saw seven cows." several facts indicate that the child's development of sign systems doesn't occur by itself. Here the role of associate degree adult is manifested. An adult, act with a baby and teaching him, initially he “masters” his psyche. for instance, associate degree adult shows him one thing, in his opinion, attention-grabbing, and also the kid, by the desire of associate degree adult, pays attention to at least one or another subject.
Then the kid begins to manage his mental functions by himself mistreatment the means associate degree adult wont to him. Also, as adults, we, tired, will enlighten ourselves: “Come on, rub it here!” And extremely “take hold” of our elusive attention or activate the method of imagination. we have a tendency to produce and analyze the rehearsals of a vital oral communication for U.S. before, as if taking part in verbal acts of our thinking. Then comes the supposed rotation, or “internalization” - the transformation of associate degree external means that into an interior one. As a result, from direct, natural, involuntary mental functions become mediate sign systems, social and arbitrary .
The cultural-historical approach in psychological science continues to develop profitably even currently, each in our country and abroad. This approach clad to be particularly effective in determination the issues of pedagogy and defectology. On the idea of concepts regarding the social acquisition of upper mental functions, he analyzes the variations within the “cultural” processes looking on the living conditions and labor activity of individuals.
Pathopsychology Analysis of the characteristics of psychological feature impairment in numerous mental diseases is predicated on the provisions on mediation and also the general nature of the structure of upper mental functions. physiological psychology. The thought of upper mental functions is central to the analysis of the brain mechanisms of assorted mental disorders in patients with native lesions of the top.