Inc tic regions, it is advisable to use two options for voice communication. First is the classic radiotelephone communication, when a person dials a phone number in the usual way through the city code - for example, “8-499” — and thus communicates with people in other cities and countries. The second variant of the organization of speech or voice communication is a trunking communication — possibility of an urgent call through dispatching service!!!!!!!! There is a special button on the subscriber devices intended for this purpose to call the dispatcher on duty. In case of an emergency a person can press such a button, and his call will be promptly transferred to a certain authority. This type of subscriber equipment is used, as a rule, in areas where there is a service area — radio coverage of trunking communication. Arctic regions primarily belong to such territories.
To successfully use the radiotelephone communication and the necessary coverage in the Arctic, it is necessary to apply radio technologies that are able to provide radio coverage with a radius of 50 kilometers from each base station. Thus, each such tower carries out functions of the repeater: it accepts signals from one user's device, processes them, allocates from noise, amplifies and transfers on other device.
A more detailed look at the task of organizing telecommunications in remote Arctic regions, of course, turns out to be more difficult.So, one of the most important parts of this task is the organization and delivery of communication channels to the Arctic regions!
Without this, people will at best be able to communicate only with each other. Such delivery can be carried out, for example, with the help of satellite or troposphere communication system which will become the repeaters of sent messages.
It all depends on how far into the Arctic.
It is necessary to go. For troposphere communication the distance between two stations does not exceed, as a rule, 200-250 kilometers. If the distance is longer, you will have to use a chain of troposphere communication stations, and the operating conditions, especially for the stations in the center of this chain, will be difficult to call comfortable. There are no serious distance restrictions on the Earth's surface for satellite communication systems, but there are some disadvantages. Fixed communication satellites in the Arctic are visible at low angles above the horizon. The farther north, the less this angle. Therefore, we have to use a comprehensive approach which involves several technological solutions. Scientists are considering, and testing, both of these options as the basis for the construction of trunk lines of communication. Troposphere communication technology has quite serious historical roots. Initially, in the 1970s, the “North” communication system was built, which had a section along the Yenisei River. Such systems formed the only communication channel from the Big Land to the north. In the 1990s it ceased to exist: the development of satellite communications, and the collapse of the Soviet Union led to the closure of the stations one after the other. The last troposphere station, Horizontal, ceased to operate in 2003.
Development of space technologies
Put into question the expediency of using troposphere communication lines on such a scale - the work on deployment of satellite communication systems with the use of stationary satellites was very active. Artificial satellites — repeaters — and satellite communication ground stations received a new elementary base, and the era of digital technology dominance began. The methods of geostationary orbit placement has been simplified, the accuracy of satellite positioning at the points of location have been improved, which has made it possible to multiply the number of stationary satellites available for use. It became possible to use them even with very compact antenna systems — 0.7-1.2 meters. Unfortunately, most Arctic regions still lack telecommunications. Since 2017, a fiber optic cable has been laid in Norilsk, but with the help of this fiber it has been possible to organize telecommunications only in the Norilsk Industrial District. The rest of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, about 2 million kilometers, is still very poorly covered by communication systems.
People who live in such remote areas have some very limited possibilities of communication, and all of them are connected with the use of foreign systems. First, it is the American system Iridium, the traffic inside which is quite expensive, not to mention the challenges to external networks. Most people cannot afford to use such technologies on a daily basis. Experiments were also conducted with the use of the domestic system "Gonets", but this system transmits only text messages, and its satellite is above the consumer irregularly.