The Kanagawa Treaty was a treaty between the Jiangyan Shogunate and the United States on March 31, 1854 (Jiayong, March 3, 7 (the old calendar)). Japan is known as the "Ri Mi and the Pro-Treaty" ("Japan-US and Pro-Treaty"). The signing representative, the plenipotentiary representative in Japan is Lin Fuzhai (the president of the university), and the plenipotentiary representative of the United States is the commander of the East India Fleet, Matthew Perry. The treaty mainly stipulates that Japan must open the two ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to trade with the United States and guarantee the safety of American crew members of the vessels in distress.
Introduction editor
From the chaos of the end of the curtain to the beginning of the Meiji period, the Kanagawa Treaty was only one of the inevitably unequal treaties established by Japan with the powers. Following the treaty concluded here, Japan opened the two ports of Shimoda and the box (now Hakodate), and the Japanese lock-in system collapsed.
The original Japanese ratification of the treaty was burned in the Edo Castle fire at the end of the curtain. One of the original texts of the approval was written in Dutch and returned to the United States by the United States. It is kept in the National Archives and Records Administration and is still in existence. On the occasion of the 150th Anniversary of the Japan-US Exchange in 2004 (Heisei 16), the United States presented Japan with a copy of the ratification of the Treaty.
The treaty Japanese was originally called "Japanese rice", "Japan" refers to Japan, and "M" refers to the United States (United States of America). The original Japanese official lyrics of the original treaty are the "Japan Inter-United States and the United States Treaty of the United States," which is now known as the "Japan and the Pro-Treaty."
Event edited
In 1853 (Jiayong 6 years), before the year of Perry, the American General of Fillmore wrote a letter to the shogunate to ask for the opening of the country and trade. The shogunate hesitated for a year after the request, and the United States once dismissed the idea. However, on February 13th of the following year (January 16th, Jialong, 7th (Old)), the vessel was re-visited by Gyantse Tokyo Bay (Tokyo Bay). The shogunate set up a guest house in Yokohama-mura, Yokohama-gun, Musashi-Ku, Musashi, and is located in the vicinity of the Kanagawa Prefectural Office in Yokohama-shi, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture. The agreement has been completed for about one month from the beginning to the end. The Kanagawa Treaty has 12 articles in the text.
After that, the place was transferred to the Izu-ken Shimoda (now Shimoda, Shizuoka), and the temple was established. On May 25 of the same year, the Kanagawa Treaty was determined, and the Shimoda Treaty was concluded (there are 13 articles in the text). The Perry fleet returned from Shimoda on June 1 of the same year. Further, on the way back to the country, he stayed in Ryukyu and concluded a trade treaty with the Ryukyu country.
American purpose editor
The US whaling in the Pacific requires a lot of fuel, so it has to be refueled in Japan, and fuel costs have been raised, so at the time. However, the biggest goal of the United States is the supply of food and freshwater. In particular, there is no way to store food in cereals or vacuum for cereals and other foods. Also to prevent beriberi and scurvy. Further, it is necessary to provide the crew with the satisfaction of the freshness and quantity of food, and the supply of fresh vegetables and meat is extremely important.
Partial content editing
The contents of the Kanagawa Treaty are as follows:
· Material replenishment (payment purchase) required by US vessels is in Shimoda and Hakodate after the port is opened (the setting of the trading port).
· Rescue and extradition of drifters
· The residence of Americans is set in Shimoda
· One-sided MFN status
Also, the Shimoda Treaty has also established the following terms and conditions:
· The range of the activities of the Americans is limited to the range of the following fields, and within the range of 5 miles from Hakodate.
· The temporary rest of the Americans is set in the Temple of the Immortal Temple and Yuquan Temple. The graves of the Americans are set in the Yuquan Temple.
· Americans are forbidden to engage in hunting activities such as hunting birds and beasts.
Evaluation editor
The content of the Kanagawa Treaty is generally clearer in terms of the "unequal treaties." In this regard, "it is not the Japanese to the United States to ask the United States to start a country, not the kind of inequality. For the acquisition of the interests of the founding of the country, the Japanese side is much more than the United States, and perhaps this statement can be extended. On the other hand, if you take into account the post-civilization phenomenon, the Japanese side is getting much greater benefits, and it can be said that" these are like the views of people. However, in some aspects, the content of the treaty is mixed with the de facto impact (further after-the-fact evaluation), but the two are irrelevant.
The picture shows the contract of the Japanese-American Kanagawa article.