The black ship incident refers to the incident in which the United States used the gunboats to force Japan to open the country in 1853. In the sixth year of the Japanese Jiang1853), the US Navy Brigadier General Matthew Perry (also translated as "Perry") and Zu Abbott et al. In the event of entering the Puhe Sea in Edo Bay, the two sides signed the "Japan-US Treaty of Pro-Japan" (also known as the "Kanagawa Treaty") in the following year (1854).
Introduction editor
In the first half of the 19th century, when Japan was confined to Northeast Asia under the policy of locking the country, the world was rapidly changing. Britain, France, Russia, and the United States became the new powers to dominate the world. They experienced the baptism of the industrial revolution and the transportation revolution. After that, the Far East was actively operated for the raw materials, markets, colonies and transfer stations needed after the industrial revolution.
The two sides signed the "Japan-US Goodwill Treaty" in Yokohama, which is also the first trade treaty between Japan and the Western countries. Other Western countries followed the United States and demanded a trade from Japan. So the United Kingdom, Russia, the Netherlands, and other Western countries signed a goodwill treaty (Free Trade Treaty) with Japan. When Japan was forced to end its lock-up era, the aides and institutions collapsed. "Sandu" Edo, Osaka, Kyoto.
The armed clashes are dominated by middle and lower warriors, merchants, capitalists, and emerging landowners. Fushimi, Toba Battle, the shogunate army defeated. The Tokugawa shogunate was overthrown.
On July 8, 1853 (June, June 6th), US Navy Brigadier Perry led the fleet into Puhe and Kanagawa (now Yokohama) in Edo Bay. Under the coercion of the United States, the shogunate accepted the request for the opening of the port. On March 31, 1854 (the third day of March, 7th, Jiayong), the "Japan-US Goodwill Treaty" (Japan-Japan Kanagawa Treaty) was signed in Kanagawa. It is forced to open the two ports of Shimoda and Hakodate (now Hakodate). American ships can add coal to these two ports and get supplies of food and other items. The treaty also allows the United States to station consuls in the above two ports and enjoy MFN status. Soon, the United Kingdom, Russia, and other countries came to the forefront and signed a similar treaty with the Japanese government.
Edited
the first time
In 1853 (Jiayong Six Years), in July, the commander of the US East India Fleet, Matthew Calbraith Perry (1794~1858), led four warships to the mouth of Edo Bay and threatened the shogunate to open the country by force. The black modern armored warship in the fleet was first seen by the Japanese. Perry gave the shogun to show the industrial civilization of the train locomotive model.
US Navy landed in Yokohama
Telegraph machines, but the shogunate can only use the power of the gift to carry the return of the rice to show strength. The Pillai Airlines shocked the Japanese and deeply felt the huge gap between Japan and foreign countries. The Japanese called the incident "black ship to sail." Since the four warships had a total of 63 cannons, the range and firepower of Japan’s sea-proof artillery in Edo Bay at that time was only about 20 compared with the four warships. Under the threat of fire without opening the country, The shogunate did not dare to refuse the request of the founding of the country, but he was afraid that after accepting the national book brought by Perry, he would be attacked by the whole country. At that time, the chief shogun of the shogunate, Abe Masahiro, had an excuse to obtain the approval of the emperor to accept the treaty and agreed to Give a reply in the spring of one year.
The first four warships to go to Japan:
Susquehanna (Saskatoon), a steam-powered paddle wheeled wooden frigate, 2,450 tons.
Mississippi (Mississippi), a steam-powered paddle wheeled wooden frigate, 1692 tons.
Plymouth (Plymouth), sail-powered wooden shell frigate, 989 tons
Saratoga (Salatoka), a sail-powered wooden shell frigate, 882 tons.
the second time
In 1854 (Jiayong Seven Years), on February 13th, Perry again led the fleet to Japan. This time there were a total of seven warships, and the fleet went deep into Edo Bay and stopped near Yokohama, facing Perry. In a tough posture, the shogunate had to accept the request to open a country. So the two sides signed the "Japan-US Goodwill Treaty" in Yokohama, which is also the first unequal treaty between Japan and the Western powers. Other Western powers followed the United States and demanded a trade from Japan. So the British, Russian, Dutch and other Western powers signed a goodwill treaty with Japan. When Japan was forced to end its lock-up era, the aides and institutions collapsed.
The seven warships that went to Japan for the second time:
Susquehanna (Saskatoon), a steam-powered paddle wheeled wooden frigate, 2,450 tons.
Mississippi (Mississippi), a steam-powered paddle wheeled wooden frigate, 1692 tons.
Plymouth (Plymouth), sail-powered wooden shell frigate, 989 tons
Saratoga (Salatoka), a sail-powered wooden shell frigate, 882 tons.
Powhatan (Povatan), a steam-powered wooden shell cruiser, flagship, 2415 tons.
The Macedonian (Macedonian) sail-powered wooden shell frigate, 1,726 tons.
Vandalia (Windaria), a sail-powered wooden shell frigate, 770 tons.
Influence editing
In fact, the Tokugawa shogunate never allowed the emperor to participate in politics for more than two hundred years, but this time, in order to reduce the opposition voices of the various elders, he wanted to sign the name in the name of the emperor and invited all the famous names, gentlemen, scholars, and Even civilians have commented on the founding of the country. Then the Emperor and his courtiers, the great name and his family members raised the banner of saving the country and took the opportunity to leap into the political arena. In any case, the Japanese political situation after the "Black Ship Incident" was chaotic one day, and it also buried the fuse of the shogunate's demise.