Part 2
Here is an example of a calculation for weak soil (dusty loam, with high porosity and fluidity) and a load of 7 t/meter of foundation. Precipitation of 2.4 cm! But as I said it is not important at all. The only important parameter is the difference in sediment between the different parts of the foundation, which can lead to cracks and to the role of the building. The typical difference is 2-3 tons per meter of foundation. And then the difference in sediment on very weak ground. 1.78 mm! That is, in fact, a private house on a ribbon foundation does not give a difference of precipitations at all. Even on the very bad ground, the difference is 1.8 mm. The typical value is less than 1 mm.
Do you need fittings?
Why, in fact, does the fitting work for stretching? The foundation is laid on the ground in its entirety. Precipitation is uniform. There are no tensile loads there. Any pressure is transmitted vertically downwards, and as I have shown above it is too little to cause at least some significant deformation of the ground. Here is the calculation of the foundation tape for reinforcement. I took completely different loads, loaded one part of the foundation without loading the other part, emulated point loads. You can see the result below. Fittings are not required at all. (Calculation from the foundation slab program with a height of only 30 cm). That is, only 2 bars with a diameter of 3 mm are required.
If the height of the foundation tape is higher than 30 cm, no reinforcement is required. A recessed strip is a minimum of one meter. As an argument that the foundation was without reinforcement and look at everything tore up, you will be shown two types of damage. Tearing off the wall (the departure of the corner), a crack in the base. In these cases, we are talking about shallow foundations. Actually, there are a lot of options as it can crack. But the general sense is the same, cracks - 95% are the consequences of shallow laying and blowing. And this is a completely different type of foundation! These processes are simply not present in the deepened ones. In the shallower ones, you need reinforcement. Here is the calculation of such a foundation for the same load, but taking into account the lower frost blowing. We already need 3 bars of 14 fittings.
Well, the author here bent over, came up with some nonsense without fittings, and agitated for at least one house to build that no matter what cracked. Such houses are built a huge number, for example, a lot of Khrushchev, logs. Their foundation is made up of whole reinforced concrete blocks, and the bottom slab of the FL has a transverse reinforcement that would not break the ledges. The plates are not connected in any way. That is, there is no longitudinal reinforcement.
And this is despite the fact that the load in the khrushchevka is 3-8 times higher. The trench walls are not flat ground will not slide on the foundation and in the case of lateral frost blowing can cause problems, for example, to tear off the top from the base, because there is no reinforcement? Side frost blowing is a maximum of 5-6 t/m2 even though the foundation is not fully loaded and frozen to its full depth. The side surface area of 1.5×2 sides = 3 m2 or 3×5 = 15 tons!
The strength of the concrete foundation width of 50 cm on the rupture of 100 cm * 50 cm * 10 kg / cm2 = 50 tons! With the most disgusting layout of the stock more than three times. In reality, the stock is 10-20 times larger. And due to the fact that the bottom of the wall is as uneven as the top, to clamp and pull the frosty bubble will not work. And what about cement milk? Let it go. The outer and inner walls of the foundation will not be as strong as the core, and so on.
What about the insulation of the foundation walls? That's the way it's impossible. And why? It is enough to insulate the base/plinth and the pit. The result will be even better. Since the ground will also become part of the thermal insulation. And through the scaffolding make additional drainage.
And then you can make a basement by choosing the soil inside? No problem. Is this a new miracle invention that nobody knows about? No, it's a very famous thing, called a wall in the ground. It is carried out to a depth of 60 meters! Why isn't it built like this?! They build as they do, but a builder will never offer you such a foundation. For there is nothing to pay him for. Here you will pay for work on such a basis 50-100-200 thousand?
No, of course not! Will you say, "And actually speaking for what to pay, for that day waved a shovel? Yes, I can do it myself, or I'm going to hire a couple of Uzbeks for the day, they'll do it all for 3-4K". He's completely unprofitable for the performer. Therefore, you will be offered what is more expensive. Here, there will be everything. Pitched concrete, waterproofing, form work. A lot, a lot of reinforcement. And such tapes will be at least 2 pieces (one on top of the other) Well or a slab, and it has a tape. That is, the fact that you can take a lot of money for that.
Total:
In general, of course, this is not the ideal one and the only true option. But due to the fact that an ordinary private house is extremely light (in terms of loads), and there is no geological exploration. It can be recommended as a standard solution for 98% of cases.
Fast, reliable, inexpensive.