Another famous park, located 23 km from Moscow in Arkhangelskoye, where in the HUSH century. was the estate of the princes Golitsyn. Here is an unusually picturesque area. Arkhangelskoye is an example of the most organic combination of architecture and nature. The highest point of the estate's heyday is 1829. The idea of its structure is revealed gradually. From the big transit road the front alley leads to the house. Then there is the entrance, the triumphal arch, the large front yard of the main building. From the gazebo, you can enjoy a breathtaking view of the park's panorama. The main axis of the ensemble is also the main axis of the park and coincides with the axis of the driveway.
The park's perspective through the green carpet goes into the endless space of forests and fields. At Moscow's
there was no way for park builders to open up distant prospects on the seaside. But they found a way out, using the green "seas" of fields, meadows and forests.
Landscape garden park Rus
Landscape development in the Russian park construction industry
The development of landscape direction in the park construction in Russia is associated with the name of Catherine 2 (1762-1796). In the 70th years of the ХУ1 century in all St. Petersburg parks trees were stopped to be cut. The empress became an ardent admirer of the landscape direction. In Russia, the transition to landscape parks occurred faster than in European countries. Regular park with its precise rationalistic layout and calculation no longer corresponded to the spirit of the coming century of romanticism, calling for self-deepening and reflection.
What are the typical features of landscape parks in Russia at this time? First of all, their very purpose is changing. Instead of techniques, celebrations - reflection, secondly, they have few different buildings, and thirdly, parks are built, on the one hand, in order to give them extremely natural forms and shapes, merge with the surrounding landscape, and on the other - groups, and massive trees are located so that in relation to a particular point of view create theatrical scenery, and fourthly, it concerns the natural conditions: Northern Russian parks are full of coniferous trees and local plants, which creates an indication of the beauty of Russian nature.
Let's consider the structure of parks in more detail. Catherine's Park in Pushkin and the English Park in Peterhof are the first landscape guys in Russia, created in the 70s of the 18th - 30th-19th centuries. A characteristic feature of Catherine's Park is its isolation: none of the park's prospects goes beyond the limits of the ensemble. This is facilitated by the earthen embankment along the southeast border (Trifonov Hill) and the high earthen ramp to the Tower-Ruin. So the park was separated from the city. Its isolation was also determined by the fact that by the time of construction its territory was surrounded by buildings on three sides. There were also many conifers and shrubs planted here. And in the heyday period there were immeasurably more spruce and pine trees, conifers were particularly affected during the war.
It is also necessary to note that the composition of the landscape part of the park was organically joined by straight roads that remained from the previous era. Here is a very interesting water system of the park. In terms of the abundance of different buildings and structures, the landscape part stands out among other suburban ensembles of St. Petersburg and in this respect is close to the European landscape parks. However, despite the abundance of buildings and sculptures, despite their diversity, the landscapes here are so skillfully organized that they do not seem overloaded. The authorship of the landscape part remains controversial. V.I. Neyelov (1772-1752) took part in its realization - Big and Small Caprices, Admiralty, Palladium Bridge and his two sons I.V. and P.V. Neyelova, as well as the old gardener Johann Bush.
One of the best landscape parks in the world is Pavlovsk. With a great variety of compositional methods the ensemble makes an impression of exceptional integrity due to the stylistic unity of architectural structures made in the forms of classicism and a limited range of wood species that form a park. It is based on linden, maple, birch, oak, willow, pine and spruce. All other breeds are found in single copies. The area where Pavlovsk appeared was a forest massif, in some places marshy, located on the banks of a small river Slavyanka, and was used for hunting. In 1777 Catherine visited these lands to Paul. Construction of the park began in 1780 and lasted for 50 years. Its stages are of interest. 1780-1786 are connected with the name of Ch. Cameron. He built a palace and the main park buildings: the Temple of Friendship, the colonnade of Apollo, the Cold Bath, the Pavilion of three graces, the areas: the Palace, the Slavic valleys, the Big Star. He also built roads in the area of the White Birch. It predetermined the character of the composition and the colossal size of the ensemble. Ch. Cameron paid special attention to the design of the landscape valley of the river Slavyanka, giving it a major role in the structure of the park.
"to be continued in the next part"
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