Washing dishes in the lab takes as long as washing in the kitchen. There are, of course, special cases when all the syntheses are carried out in the water - most likely it is a workshop on analytics in a very poor university or too funny simple demonstrations - and then the flasks rinse with the same water. But in organic cases, as you know, there are different causes, and sooner or later you have to wash the flasks. Whether it is better to do it after synthesis or before synthesis, opinions differ, as well as in how many flasks are better to wash at once. Some people generally prefer to take a fresh bulb out of the box for responsible synthesis...
No one in the lab uses detergents - they're not very good at it. Of course, there are also industrial "dishwashers" for chemists. The jet of alkaline boiling water is capable of many things, and if we take into account that they are also able to rinse distilled water and then also to dry - the idea seems quite reasonable if there are several thousand green money in the laboratory. But most chemists still do it the old-fashioned way...
So, how do they wash dishes in the laboratory?
The main means of washing flasks is acetone. Very convenient to wash with it, and it is desirable to wash three or four pieces at once. If the substance (contamination) is at least slightly soluble in water, the flask can be rinsed alternately with acetone, water, then again with acetone and so on. Conscious chemists use a canister with a large funnel inserted and wash over it so that the acetone does not spill and smell from the sink (although it is soluble in water and washed away). Poor chemists then distill the contents of the canister to get back more or less pure acetone.
Before hanging for drying, the flask must be rinsed with acetone, otherwise, there will be white stains from the contained salts inside.
But some substances in acetone do not dissolve, even when heated (usually heated with a construction hair dryer - it helps very well). Other solvents make little sense to try, except for tetrahydrofuran (well dissolves all kinds of resins) and DMpha. Tetrahydrofuran is expensive, yes. In our laboratory, it is easier to fight with such cases - throwing a flask in a barrel with a mixture of sodium alkali, isopropanol, and water. If there are no changes in two days (and this happens very rarely), then move on to the next stage...
For some specific contaminants, there are washing solutions - for example, manganese dioxide (black shit, insoluble in water and sticking to all surfaces) dissolves immediately under the influence of oxalic acid.
Aluminum hydroxide (formed when working with lithium alumina) is not washed off the glass with an alkaline solution, but hydrochloric acid does wonders with it. And antic acid can be written in general in universal detergents, but it smells nasty and besides poisonous.
Everyone has heard of chronic - a solution of potassium bichromate in sulfuric acid. It is a very powerful oxidizer, capable of breaking down resins, dyes, fats, and other contaminants. Previously it was very common, but later it turned out to be 2 drawbacks: a) it leaves chromium salt on the glass, even if the flask is rinsed with water several times, and b) it is a carcinogen. Therefore, it is now replaced by the so-called "Piranha" solution". (Piranha Solution): This is a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and concentrated sulfuric acid. This solution is unstable, dangerous to the skin and corrodes almost all metals, but it is very effective.
But in most cases, it is possible to do without simpler measures, namely the good old royal vodka. In principle, nitric acid itself is a good way to clean dirt, including organic dirt. It is especially good for washing glass filters (which, by the way, can not be washed with alkali). Even what was beginning to be considered an integral part of the filter, suddenly washed away from it, exposing an unprecedented white surface. One of my acquaintances did things a little differently: he poured a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid onto the filter on a Bunsen flask, poured some acetone and opened the tap to vacuum. Acetone would immediately begin to oxidize, heating the "cleaning mixture" to the boiling point.