8. “Haidou” unmanned submersible creates a deep dive record
From June 22nd to August 12th, 2016, the “Exploration No.1” scientific research ship carried out the first comprehensive 10,000-meter abyss in China in the Mariana Trench Challenger Abyss. China's self-developed "Haidou" unmanned submersible successfully carried out an 8,000-meter, two-nine-kilometer and two-million-meter dive applications, with a maximum depth of 10,767 meters, creating no one in China. The maximum dive and working depth record of the submersible has made China the third country after Japan and the United States to develop the capability of developing 10,000-meter unmanned submersibles. This achievement has achieved a series of important breakthroughs, indicating that the 10,000-meter deep sea is no longer a forbidden zone in China's marine science and technology industry. It is another milestone in marine technology after the successful 7,000-meter sea trial of the Xiaolong. The success of China's first 10,000-meter abyss examination has declared that China's deep-sea scientific and technological innovation capabilities are shifting from “tracking” to “parallel” and “leading”, and fully deploying the national “13th Five-Year” key R&D plan. The strategic goal of the manned/unmanned deep dive took the first step.
9. Successfully obtained “antimatter” using ultra-ultra-short laser
The State Key Laboratory of Laser Physics of the Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, used super-ultra-short lasers to successfully produce antimatter-superfast positron sources. This discovery will be in the non-destructive detection of materials, laser-driven electron-positron colliders, There are major applications in areas such as cancer diagnosis. Related research results were published in the journal Plasma Physics in March 2016. The acquisition of antimatter experienced a relatively complicated process and optimization, solved the noise problem caused by gamma rays, and finally used the different deflection characteristics of positive and negative electrons in the magnetic field to finally successfully observe positrons. In the future, there are application prospects in the fields of high-energy physics, non-destructive detection of materials, and cancer diagnosis. Since the pulse width is only on the order of femtoseconds, the time resolution of detection can be greatly improved, and the ultra-fast evolution of material properties can be studied.
10. Revealing the nuclear quantum effect of water for the first time
Wang Enge, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Jiang Ying, a professor led by Peking University, first revealed the nuclear quantum effect of water in the world, and explained the mystery of water from a new perspective. Relevant research results were published in the journal Science on April 15, 2016. The study of the quantization of hydrogen nuclei is very challenging both for experiments and theory. The research team made breakthroughs in relevant experimental techniques and theoretical methods, realized the imaging of the internal degrees of freedom of individual water molecules and the direct identification of the hydrogen bond network configuration of water, and on this basis, the dynamic transfer process of hydrogen nuclei was detected. A set of "needle-enhanced inelastic electron tunneling spectra" technology was developed to obtain the high-resolution vibrational spectrum of a single water molecule for the first time in the world, and the intensity of a single hydrogen bond was measured. The "non-harmonic zero-point motion" of the hydrogen nuclei weakens weak hydrogen bonds and strengthens strong hydrogen bonds. This physical image is quite universal for various hydrogen bond systems, clarifying the quantum nature of hydrogen bonds that have long been debated in academia.