5, the high resolution three-dimensional structure of the splice body is analyzed
The research team led by Shi Yigong, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a professor at Tsinghua University, published two long back-to-back studies in the journal Science, respectively, and reported yeast splices resolved by single-particle cryoelectron microscopy (chilled electron microscopy). The three-dimensional structure of near-atom resolution is analyzed in detail based on this structure, and the basic working mechanism of the splice body on the splicing of precursor messenger RNA is described.
This is the first time that scientists have captured the high-resolution spatial three-dimensional structure of eukaryotic cell splice complexes and explained the relevant working mechanism. Ding Shao Patel, a member of the US Academy of Sciences and a professor at the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Research Center, commented: "The structure of the splice body is completely completed by Chinese scientists using the most advanced technology in China. This is the development of Chinese life sciences. A milestone."
6, the first discovery of the ferm fermion
The team led by Fang Zhong, a researcher at the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, discovered the first ferm ferm in the experiment. This is an important scientific breakthrough in the study of physics in the world. It is of great significance to the breakthrough of disruptive technologies such as "topology electronics" and "quantum computer". The fern Fermi son was predicted by German scientist Wilman Bair in 1929. However, scientists have been unable to observe such particles in experiments.
Since 2012, the Institute's theoretical research team has for the first time predicted that electrons without "quality" may be found in Dirac semi-metals. The Chen Genfu team prepared large TaAs crystals with atomic-level flat surfaces. The Ding Hong team used Shanghai source synchrotron radiation beams to illuminate TaAs crystals, making the first appearance of the ferm ferm in front of scientists. The semi-metal of the ferm ferm can realize low-energy electron transmission, and it is expected to solve the energy consumption problems faced by the current miniaturization and multi-functionality of electronic devices.
7. First discovered a new model of relativistic high-speed jet
Liu Jifeng, a researcher at the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, led the team to discover the relativistic high-speed jets from ultra-soft X-ray sources for the first time in the world, breaking the previous cognition of the astronomical world and revealing new ways of black hole accretion and jet formation. The results were published in the journal Nature. Reviewers believe that this work is one of the top five most important discoveries in the field in 2015. “Discovering the relativistic spray in the supersoft X-ray source is unexpected, which rewrites our perception of supersoft X-ray sources and the formation of jets.”
Remash Narayan, a member of the US Academy of Sciences, a member of the Royal Society and a professor at Harvard University, commented: "The observational features are perfectly matched with the black hole at the very high accretion rate that people have guessed and carried out a large number of numerical simulations, vividly showing the black hole phagocytic material. More often, high-speed baryon jets and dense accretion disks are generated."
8, overcome the major scientific problems of cell signaling
The international team led by Xu Huaqiang, a researcher at the Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, used the world's strongest X-ray laser to successfully analyze the crystal structure of rhodopsin and repressor complexes, and solved major scientific problems in the field of cell signaling. This breakthrough achievement was published online in Nature in the long form. American scientists have made the 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their important contribution to G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signal transduction. However, a major problem in the field of GPCR signal transduction remains unresolved, namely how the GPCR activates another signaling pathway, the repressor signaling pathway.
The research team has innovatively utilized the world's brightest X-ray-free electron laser (XFEL) technology, which is one billion times stronger than traditional synchrotron radiation sources, and has a high-resolution rhodopsin-repressor protein with smaller crystals. The crystal structure of the complex lays an important foundation for understanding the downstream signal transduction pathway of GPCR.
The study laid a solid theoretical foundation for the development of more selective drugs.