Political behaviour
Political behaviour is a set of reactions of social actors to the activities of the political system.
The theory of rational choice. The main thesis is to assert that the main subject of political participation is a free individual, striving for the maximum realization of his interests and effectively acting in the name of achieving his own goals. The participation of an individual is possible only when the possible income exceeds the costs.
Motivation theories. The most common motives for political participation are ideological, normative and role-based. Dominance of ideological motive means that a person participates in political life, dividing and supporting the official ideology of the society. The normative motive regulates political behavior of a person by the rules dictated by the political system, without their correlation with personal values and attitudes. Role motives are connected with the social role of an individual in the existing political system.
Theories of social factors. Within the framework of these theories the interrelation and influence on political participation of such factors as institutionalization, level of social and economic equality and possibilities of social mobility, etc. is studied.
Political behavior can be divided into political participation and absenteeism.
Political participation is a concept for determining the influence of citizens on the functioning of the political system, the formation of political institutions and the process of making political decisions.
Political participation is opposed to such type of political participation as absenteeism. This is evasion of political participation, loss of interest in politics and political norms, i.e. political apathy. The absenteeism type exists in any society, but its growth indicates a serious crisis in the legitimacy of the political system, its norms and values.
Reasons for absenteeism: the domination of the norms of subculture by the individual and the almost total displacement of the generally accepted norms of culture. A high degree of personal satisfaction can also lead to a loss of interest in politics. It can also cause the collapse of group norms, the loss of a person's sense of belonging to a social group, and therefore of goals and values, and a lack of understanding of the relationship between politics and private life.
Electoral behaviour
Electoral behavior - a set of actions and actions of citizens related to the implementation of local or national elections to power bodies, as well as their participation in referendums. Forms of electoral behaviour may include:
- protest voting;
- Voting against all;
- Conformist voting for a party or leader supported by a majority of voters, etc.
Theory of rational choice. The main provision is that the main subject of political participation is a free individual who seeks to maximize his or her interests and acts effectively to achieve his or her own goals. The participation of an individual is possible only when the possible income exceeds the costs.
Motivation theories. The most common motives for political participation are ideological, normative and role-based. Dominance of ideological motive means that a person participates in political life, dividing and supporting the official ideology of the society. The normative motive regulates political behavior of a person by the rules dictated by the political system, without their correlation with personal values and attitudes. Role motives are connected with the social role of an individual in the existing political system.
3.Theories of social factors. Within the framework of these theories the interrelation and influence on political participation of such factors as institutionalization, level of social and economic equality and possibilities of social mobility, etc. is studied.
- Strong reformatories, where right-wing and centrist groups dominate the voting on the lists
- moderately reformatory, where there was an approximate parity between the right-wing and centrist and left-wing and nationalist
- conservative, where most of the Left and Nationalists
- with unstable preferences, where the Left won the game with confidence...
- with a controlled electorate where both the right and left could win.