Caring for a sick child
The principles of caring for a sick child have also undergone significant changes in recent years. Particular progress has been made in hospitals, with the addition of state-of-the-art equipment to regular crib and diaper beds: Cuvezes for the care of premature infants, gnotobiological chambers providing sterile care conditions, special beds with the function of "weightlessness" (dry immersion) for newborns who have undergone perinatal encephalopathy or labor trauma, beds for burn patients (for example, the mattress of the bed "Klinitron" is filled with sand through which the air of a given temperature is passed), infusion machines, etc.д.
In the home practice of child care, primitive cotton wool and gauze have been replaced by modern child care products: convenient one-time tampons, electronic scales, children's ear thermometer, smart toys, children's toothbrushes with a limiter, bottles with a heating indicator, nipples with antivacuum effect, nasal aspirator, children's clipper-cutters (scissors), various sponges, mittens, mittens, children's creams, oil, lotions, gels, diaper diapers, etc.д. Practical and safe - that's the motto of the leading companies working with the objects of care for young children. The arsenal of these items is constantly replenished.
Prevention
There is a rule that, at least in the early years of a child's life, should be strictly adhered to. This is compliance with the daily routine. The next obligatory condition is hardening, the most popular methods of which are air baths, bathing, massage and gymnastics. The desire of some pediatricians to introduce methods of cold and other types of "hard" hardening for children of the first years of life still meet the necessary response of specialists because of their danger.
There are strict standards of stay of children in the sun depending on a season and geographical latitude of district. The sun's rays are the main source of vitamin D. Young children "sunbathe" only in the scattered rays of the sun. After a year, the baby's skin can be lubricated with a protective cream. The principles of the XXI century: let the child sunbathe, but in a hat, dark glasses, shirt and under an umbrella.
Immunological prophylaxis of infections has become widespread all over the world, which has significantly reduced the incidence of tuberculosis, polio, whooping cough, diphtheria, measles and tetanus, and natural smallpox was completely eradicated through vaccination. An undeniable achievement in recent years is the vaccination of children with chronic diseases and the use of inactivated vaccines. A fairly large list of chronic health problems in children has been compiled, which is considered as a serious indication for vaccination against influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia. Only when vaccinating persons with disabilities can they be vaccinated with 95℅ for children in their first years of life, which is a prerequisite for maintaining the incidence of controllable infections only at a sporadic level. Doctors are tasked with the global eradication of polio, measles (by 2010), rubella, mumps, haemophilus infection (deadline specified).
Vitamin D2 has only recently been replaced by vitamin D3. Vitamin D3 in a dose of 400-500 IU is recommended to give the child in the autumn and winter, when there is no active sun.
Measures to prevent iron deficiency anemia are mandatory for young children. Iron deficiency in children is accompanied by disorders of nervous regulation, when communication with the outside world is broken (iron is involved in the formation of neurons and myelination of nervous fibers), reduced immunity (syndrome of "incomplete phagocytosis", etc.).), changes in the muscular system (hypotension of muscles, including the bladder with the development of urinary incontinence, dystrophic processes in the myocardium), epithelial syndrome (dry skin, hair, nails), etc.
In addition, many children in Belarus live in iodine deficiency zones, which requires mandatory correction of iodine nutrition. The possibility of other vitamins and trace elements deficiency should be taken into account. Measures to prevent these conditions should be taken during the prenatal period. In antenatal care, the nurse should pay attention to the drug prevention of iodine and iron deficiency.
