Seeds of O. spicata plants collected in Kugarchinsky (Mayak-Tau) and Zianchurinsky (Kanonnikov) districts of the Republic of Bashkortostan were used for karyological research. The material used was meristematic tissue of seedling roots. The material was studied using the BIMAM-P13 microscope. As a result of the analysis of metaphase plates, chromosome numbers, morphometric parameters and chromosome types were determined according to the classification of V.G. Griff and N.D. Agapova, and idiograms of karyotypes for populations were prepared.
The number of chromosomes on metaphase plates Oxytropis spicata from the population of the Zianchurian region of Bashkortostan was 2n = 32, and from the population of the Kugarchinsk region - 2n = 16; metacentric type chromosomes (Ic>40%). Sizes of chromosomes vary from 1.90±0.24 microns to 2.91±0.20 microns (Kugarchinsky District, Republic of Belarus), from 1.75±0.21 microns to 2.89±0.21 microns (Zianchurinsky District, Republic of Belarus). The average total length of diploid set of chromosomes in the first population is 38.76±3.66 microns, the second - 71.74±3.82 microns. Figures 1 and 2 show idiograms of O. spicata population karyotypes.
Morphometric parameters
Due to the high level of development of industry, infrastructure in Surgut, natural conditions equated to the Far North, it is necessary to develop greenery and select new crops as widely as possible. Perennial plants begin to grow and bloom before annuals, do not require an annual transplant and are able to maintain a high level of ornamentation for several years. Currently, perennial plants are not sufficiently used in the flower plantations of the city.
The aim of our study was to study the possibility of introduction of schoenoprasum L. - two forms from Barnaul and Germany - and Ledebourianum Schult. et Schult.f. from France, to identify their prospects for growing in Surgut, to assess the impact of fertilizers and growth regulators (epin and heteroauxin) on the development of introduced plants and their adaptive capacity. These plants are not traditional for cultivation in Surgut, although they have potential as ornamental, food, medicinal and honey plants. The studies were carried out on the basis of greenhouse complex and pilot site of Surgut State University in the period from 2006 to 2007. Planting material was obtained from the collection of rare and endangered species of ornamental plants of the Siberian Botanical Garden of Tomsk State University, seeds of reproduction of SibBS TSU 2004-2005. Laying of experience in closed and open grounds, planting of seedlings, diving and care of plants were carried out according to generally accepted methods.
During the first year of their life the studied plants vegetated for 161 days, 87 days in the open air, 147 days in the second year in both forms of schnitt-onions and 145 days in Ledebus-ra onions. All forms of onions were successfully bunched, blossomed and seeded. Blossoming was abundant, prolonged (the longest in Barnaul's Schnitt-Onion form was 39 days, in German form 34 days, in Ledebur's onions 26 days) and highly decorative (lilac umbrellas in Schnitt-Onion and pink in Ledebur's onions). The Barnaul-shaped Schnitt-Onion and Ledebur bow were the leaders in height, length and number of leaves. The broadest leaves were onions of Ledeburus (7 mm), a little less on Barnaul's form of Schnitt-Onion (up to 6 mm). In the second year of life of onions, the use of growth regulators (especially epin in comparison with heteroauxin) had a positive impact on the morphometric indices of vegetative organs, while in the first year of the value of these indices were higher with the use of complex fertilizer, because on poor sandy soils the availability of macroelements comes to the fore. With the onset of the generative phase in 2007, the fertilizer variant again surpassed the variants with growth regulators, because more phosphorus and potassium content are required for flowering. Vegetative multiplication through the formation of baby bulbs and an increase in bushiness was observed, which, together with seed reproduction in Surgut under long-term cultivation, will reduce the cost of seed acquisition and provide the most climate-resistant specimens of plants. In general, the Schnitt-lux and Ledeburgh onions have proven themselves in the climatic conditions of the North (the best results in the Barnaul form). They are resistant to introduction, they form seeds and winter without shelter during many years of cultivation. They can be used in flower plantations in curtain walls, flower groups and curbs.
Conclusion
The conducted cytological studies show that in the culture of sunflower anthers in microspores morphogenetic processes may occur with some frequency. Apparently, it is possible to obtain haploid structures and in vitro regenerants from microspores in sunflower. And, most likely, the development may occur along the path of callus formation. The studied variants of hormonal composition and concentration of sugars on the formation of two- and multi-core microspores had no effect.