Ayanskaya spruce grows within the north, however, it doesn't reach the northern border, wherever Siberian spruce is widespread. The basins of the Aldoma and Lantar Rivers, that flow into the ocean of Okhotsk, square measure the foremost extreme areas wherever this evergreen tree is found.
In areas to the south of the shallow spruce may be found on the coast of the ocean of Okhotsk, particularly close to the basins of near rivers. Within the west, this species of spruce grows in separate areas that reach the Stanovy Ridge and also the Tukuringra Mountains, settled within the south-east of Yakutia. Ayanskaya spruce grows in Kamchatka, particularly close to the natural depression of the watercourse of the identical names.
This species grows on such islands as Sakhalin, Shantra, and Kuril. On the primary island, the species happens from 48°N, wherever the Ayan spruce is that the main cone-bearing breed. Here it grows beside the native fir and fir of Myra, with the latter it shares a dominant position.
A large evergreen spruce tree grows within the wild up to sixty m, however, sometimes a lot of shorter (up to thirty-five m) once adult by humans in landscape parks. The house of the spruce is that the mountains of central Japan, the mountainous borders of China with North Korea and geographic region. Trees grow at a median annual rate of forty cm. the rise in girth is quicker, sometimes four cm p.a.
The Ayana spruce is hardy, frost-resistant (-40 to -45 °C). Pine needles don't fall all year spherical, blossom from might to Gregorian calendar month, cones ripen in September-October. This species is the same (a separate color - male or feminine, however, each sex grows on the identical plant), pollinated by the wind.
Spruce is appropriate for growing on lightweight (sandy), medium (loamy) and serious (clay) soils and grows on nutritionally poor soil. Appropriate pH: acidic and neutral soils, doesn't disappear on terribly acidic soils.
Spruce ayan doesn't grow within the shade. Preferentially prefers damp soil. The plant withstands sturdy however not ocean winds. It dies once the atmosphere is impure.
Description of Ayan spruce
The diameter of the trunk at the amount of the human chest is up to one hundred cm. The bark is grayish-brown, deeply cracked and flaky with scales. Branches square measure pale yellowish-brown and sleek. Leaf pads have a length of zero.5 mm. Needles square measure leatherlike, linear, flat, slightly slanted on each surface, 15-25 metric linear unit long, 1.5-2 metric linear unit wide, pointed, with 2 white stomatal stripes on the side.
Description of Ayan spruce.
Seed cones single, cylindrical, brown, length 4-7 cm, two cm across. Seed flakes square measure ovate or oblong-ovate, with a blunt or rounded apex, slightly rough at the higher edge, 10 mm long, 6-7 metric linear unit wide. Blossoms below the scales of the cones square measure tiny, narrowly ovate, sharp, slightly rough at the higher edge, 3 mm long. Seeds square measure ovate, brown, 2-2.5 mm long, 1.5 metric linear unit wide; wings square measure oblong-ovate, pale brown, 5-6 metric linear unit long, 2-2.5 mm wide.
Distribution and ecology of Ayana spruce
Their square measure 2 geographical taxonomic groups of this uncommon spruce, that some authors take into account as varieties et al. as separate species:
Picea jezoensis is an additional common throughout the world.
Picea jezoensis hondoensis is rare, growing in Associate in Nursing isolated population within the high mountains of the central island.
The Ayana spruce comes from Japan and grows in alpestrine forests within the Southern Kurils, island, and Yezo. In China, it grows in Heilongjiang Province. In Russia, it's found in Ussuria, Sakhalin, Kuril Islands, and Central Kamchatka, within the north-east from the coast of the ocean of Okhotsk to Magadan.
Industrial use of spruce.
In the Russian Far East and northern Japan, Ayan spruce is employed to provide wood and paper. The wood is soft, light, versatile and versatile. It's used for interior decoration, furniture, in construction and producing of the plank. Several trees square measure usually hamper illicitly from pristine natural forests. The spruce ayan could be a rare species enclosed within the Red Book.
Use in folks medication and gastronomy
Edible parts: color, seeds, resin, inner bark.
Young male inflorescences square measure consumed raw or poached. Immature feminine cones square measure au gratin, the central half is good and thick once deep-fried. Internal bark — dried, ground into a powder so used as the stuff in soups or add to the flour once cookery bread. A refreshing tea wealthy in vitamin C is formed from the guidelines of young shoots.
Resin from the trunk of Ayana spruce is employed for healthful functions. Tanin is obtained from bark, volatile oil from leaves.