INTRODUCTION
Dear guys! Of course, all of you are well aware of the appearance of the forest - a lot of trees standing close to each other. You have seen the forest, if not in nature, then at least in books and magazines, on cinema or TV. Many of them have been in the forest themselves, enjoying its invigorating coolness on a hot summer day, picking berries, mushrooms, nuts, and listening to birds singing.
But about the life of the forest, about its green inhabitants, most of the guys have a rather poor understanding, not everyone, for example, knows what plants are found in the forest, what is the interesting thing about each of them, what good does it do to people.
But any plant has its own remarkable features, its own little secrets. One of them "shoots" with seeds, the other one with a stem so hard that it scratches even steel. .. In the forest there are plants with invisible flowers that are hidden from our eyes, and with dusty seeds that, like dust, are carried in the air. ..
The life of the forest is also full of interesting things. Take at least the influence of plants on each other. It manifests itself very strongly in the forest. Here, for example, there is a real war for light between trees, and the laws of its severity. The winners survive, the defeated die.
Another form of interaction between plants is the influence of trees on shrubs, herbs and mosses. Forest giants oppress their smaller and weaker neighbors. And what are the ways and means of this impact? There is something to tell about here, too.
Or let"s take another question - what is the forest in general and what is part of it. This is also not known to everyone.
The forest is a very complex natural education. And it includes not only living organisms, i. e. representatives of flora and fauna, but also their habitat - soil and ground layer and atmosphere. And all this together is called biogeocenosis.
What laws govern this most complicated natural "mechanism", how are its separate "details" connected with each other? And we can tell a lot of interesting things about it, too.
Nowadays, the forest is strongly influenced by humans. This influence is not only great, but also very diverse. There are clearcuts, mass tourism, cattle grazing, and pollution of the atmosphere with toxic gases. ..
And how does the forest react to all this? What changes are taking place in it? How dangerous are they to the very existence of the forest? These are very important questions. And not everyone can answer them correctly.
Not everyone is aware that the forest is easily vulnerable and suffers from all kinds of disturbances (for example, from the presence of too many people). It has its own "strength limit". If you just cross this threshold - there comes a catastrophe, the forest is destroyed, dies even if you give it a complete "rest".
Human intervention in the life of the forest cannot be stopped. It will inevitably continue. But we should all strive to do the least harm to the forest so that it suffers as little as possible from our interference in its life. How can this be achieved? What is needed to do this? Not everyone knows about it either.
In order to preserve and preserve the forest, we must first of all know well its plant population, individual plants and their properties. But, besides, it is also important to know the forest in general - its structure and life, the laws of development and resistance to violations. All this is described in this book.
It will help you to learn many biological "secrets" of the forest and its inhabitants. You will learn more about the life of the forest and its properties. The book will be especially useful for those guys who want to become conscious and active defenders of our green friend. In order to protect the forest, it is necessary to know it well. Our story will begin with what a forest is, what is part of it and how its individual components are connected.
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