Psychological features of memory.
Memory lies at the heart of a person's abilities, is a condition of learning, acquiring knowledge, forming skills and abilities.
Without memory, it is impossible for an individual or society to function normally. Due to his memory, its perfection, a man stood out from the animal kingdom and reached the heights he is now on.
Memory is the basis of mental life, the basis of consciousness. It is a magic box that preserves our past for our future. Any simple or complex activity (reading, writing, or comprehending one's own behavior) is based on the fact that the image of the perceived is preserved in memory for at least a few seconds. If there had been no memory, we would not have been able to understand a single sentence because we would have forgotten the beginning of it before we had time to read it through. Information from our senses would have been useless if memory had not kept the links between individual facts and events.
Memory is multifaceted. There is a certain stock of words, information, notions, images, which are kept in the memory as in the arsenal of the whole life: this is his own name, images of the father and mother, his own language, features and peculiarities of the place where a person was born and so on. All this is a long-term memory. But there is also a short-term memory. For example, one should not forget to tell his son to put on a clean shirt, not to forget to buy a newspaper, etc. But here the day has passed and many details related to it, go into the background. In this case, the information was stored for a short time: seconds or minutes. This is the short-term memory. But it can also turn into a long-term memory. There are situations when just looking at a casual passerby, we can unmistakably recognize the face that has long been shown to us in the picture.
Types of memory.
The classification of memory types is based on three main criteria:
the object of memory;
the degree of willful regulation of memory;
the duration of storage in memory.
Memory types are distinguished depending on what is remembered, how is remembered and how long is remembered.
Image memory is the memory, preservation and reproduction of images of previously perceived objects and phenomena of reality. There are subtypes of figurative memory - visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory and taste memory. Visual and auditory memory is most clearly manifested in all people, and the development of tactile, olfactory and taste memory is associated mainly with various types of professional activities or is observed in people who are visually and hearing impaired.
A high level of development is achieved by the imaginative memory of people engaged in art: artists, musicians, writers.
Word and logic memory is expressed in memorizing, preserving and reproducing thoughts, notions and verbal formulations. Thoughts do not exist outside of speech, outside of certain words and expressions. Therefore, the type of memory is called not only logical, but also verbal - logical. Therefore, the memory and reproduction of semantic material is closely connected with the processes of thinking, with the mental development of man, with the stock of his knowledge.
Motor (motor) memory is manifested in remembering and reproducing movements and their systems. It underlies the development and formation of motor skills. Motor memory, for example, allows a pianist to play in total darkness, a gymnast to "feel" the order of movements and the learned combination of movements.
Emotional memory is the memory of the feelings we have experienced. Positive or negative feelings experienced by a person do not disappear without a trace, but are remembered and reproduced by them under certain conditions - a person rejoices again, having remembered a joyful event, pales, having remembered the fear experienced earlier.
Emotional memory is of great importance in the formation of a person's personality. It allows the individual to adjust according to his or her previous feelings.
Emotional memory is the most important condition for a person's spiritual development.
Short-term, long-term and operative memory. The research of these types of memory nowadays acquires great importance in connection with the problems of engineering psychology, tasks of creation of technical devices simulating the thinking activity of a person.
