Basketball is an Olympic type of sport, sporting command game with a ball, aim in that - to bespatter a ball in the basket of a rival greater number of one time, what it will do the command of a rival in the set time. Every command consists of 5 field players.
History of origin and development of basketball In 1891 in the United States of America a young teacher, native of Canada, doctor James Naismith, trying to "bring" back to life lessons on gymnastics, fastened two baskets from under fruit to the rails of a balcony and suggested pelting soccer balls there. A turning out game reminded modern basketball only remotely. About no conduct even of speech did not go, players had thrown a ball to each other and then tried to fill up him in a basket. A command bespattering the greater amount of balls won.
In a year Naismith worked out the first rules of playing basketball. The first matches on these rules caused their first changes.
Gradually basketball from the USA penetrated at first east - Japan, China, Philippines, and then to Europe and South America. In 10 on the Olympic games in Saint Louis Americans organized a model turn between the commands of a few cities. There was the Basketball Association of America (BAA) in 1946. The first match under her aegis took place on November, 1 of the same year in Toronto between the commands of Toronto Huskies and New York Knickerbockers.
In 1949, an association teamed up with the National basketball league of the USA, the National basketball association (NBA) formed as a result. In 1967, the American basketball association that a long time tried to compete NBA was created, but after 9 teamed up with her. To date, the NBA is one of the most influential and known professional basketball leagues in the world. The International Federation of amateur basketball is founded in 1932.
In the complement of the federation, 8 countries entered: Argentina, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Romania. Sweden, Czechoslovakia. Coming from the name, it was assumed that the organization would head amateur basketball only, however, in 1989, professional basketball-players got admitting to the international competitions, and the word "amateur" was withdrawn from the name. A first-ever international match took place in 1904, and in 1936 basketball got in the program of the summer Olympic games.
Basic rules are in basket-ball
A run is in basketball - takes place when a player accomplishes more than three steps with a ball in hands. For such violation of rules, a right gives oneself up on throwing down to the command of opponents. Out - if a ball takes off outside the field. After it, a ball will be given to the command of opponents. Wrong conduct - if a player during a run with a ball accomplishes conduct at once by two hands. That right on throwing down gives oneself up to the command of opponents.
Jump with a ball in a hand - accomplishing a jump is settled only for pelting in the ring of the basket, in case of violation of the rule, a ball will be given to the command of opponents. Rule of three seconds - it is forbidden to be in a zone under the basket of an opponent with a ball in hands more than three seconds, otherwise, a ball will be given to the command of opponents.
Rule of five seconds - it is forbidden for the indicated time to execute a throw. In case of violation, a ball will be given to the opposite command. Rule of eight seconds - if a command owning a ball keeps indoors in a front zone for the indicated time, then a ball will be given on throwing down to other commands. Governed twenty-four seconds - for the indicated time a command owning a ball must accomplish a throw in a basket. As soon as a ball even will touch to the basket, a meter nullify. In case of violation of a rule, a ball gives oneself upon throwing into other commands. Violation of zones - it is forbidden commands to pass a ball from one zone in another. Approval for this violation is a return of the ball to the opponents.
For violation of sporting behavior or hard game, a penalty throw is appointed in a ring. Two attempts are given the command of opponents, a game recommences whereupon. In case of hit a ball in a ring is given one point only.
Additional rules
On rules there must be one captain at every command - if a captain will decide to abandon playing the fields during a match, then he is obligated to report a judge about that, who will carry out his duties. The motion of the game of every command is regulated by a trainer. He decides exactly, who of players must go out on the field, and also who of them it is necessary to replace during a match. The endless number of replacements is settled in a game, but accomplishing replacement is possible only then when a ball is not in a game. A trainer is right to inquire about a time-out that lasts for one minute. In all, it is settled to take no more one time-out in every period. A query can be accomplished only then, when a ball is not in a game, playing time is stopped whereupon.
What are fouls in basketball?
A foul is a failure to observe some rules, by a concrete player, and also uncivilized behavior. In basket-ball there are next types of fouls: Technical - such foul is awarded for violation of rules of conduct of ball. Personal - awarded to the player for direct contact with an opponent. Mutual - this foul is given at once to two players accomplishing the personal foul. Unsportsmanlike - given out for violation of sporting behavior.
Disqualifying - awarded for serious violations of rules, after the receipt of such foul, a player no longer can go back into a game to completion of the match. How many fouls do need to be got for the exception to a player from a game? That player that for one match gets five personal or technical, and also two unsportsmanlike fouls, is obligated to stop a game to completion match.
Basket-ball field
The playing field for basketball has a rectangular form and hard coverage. Coverage of ground must have no bends, cracks or any other deformations. The size of the ground for basket-ball must make 28 meters in length and 15 meters breadthways (standard). Ceiling height must be not less than 7 meters, and on professional grounds, ceiling lift on a height 12 meters and higher. Light on the field must be done so that not to interfere with the movement of players and must evenly embrace all ground.
To the end of 60th tournaments can be organized under open-skies. However, now basketball matches are conducted only on the closed grounds.
Marking of ground
1. Limiting lines. Pass on all perimeter of ground (2 short facial lines and 2 long lateral).
2. Central line. Conducted from one touch-line to others and here she is parallel to the facial lines.
3. A central zone is a circle (radius of 1, 80 м) and located exactly in the center of the basketball field.
4. Three-pointers lines are half-rounds by a radius a 6, 75 m, conducted to crossing with parallel (face) lines.
5. Lines of a penalty throw. The line of penalty throw is inflicted long a 3, 60 m in parallel to every facial line so that her distant edge was in the distance 5, 80 meters from the internal edge of the facial line, and her middle was on an imaginary line, connecting middles both face.