Modern science, regardless of whether it is in the position of internal or external (from the falling meteorites) origin of life on Earth, calls the following stages of the origin of life: the emergence of chemical and then carbonaceous compounds, proteins and nucleic acids, their compounds gave rise to colloidal droplets, which possessed the first signs of life, the emergence of proteinous bodies, the emergence of unicellular and multicellular organisms.
The first signs of life on Earth appeared about 3.8 billion years ago.2 billion years ago, the first cells capable of using the energy of sunlight for chemical reactions in which oxygen is released. A biosphere has emerged.
Man is opposed to nature, but at the same time he is also a part of it. The unifying beginning is the work characterized by the exchange processes between society and nature. The emergence of man has initiated the formation of the noosphere, the sphere of the mind. In the 20s of the XX century this concept was introduced by Leroy. It was deepened by Teillar de Chardin and Vernadsky. The latter in his work "Philosophical thoughts of a naturalist" described noosphere as a new form of biogeochemical energy, as the energy of human culture.
The result of production is an artificial habitat, the "second nature". Man-made inanimate objects and living organisms (plants, animals, bred or created by man through artificial selection or genetic engineering) are technomass. The volume of technosphere, the technical environment of human existence grows. The coexistence of nature and man is the unity of biogeochemical and social processes.
The "second nature" is also culture - the mastered, transformed nature of man. If nature does without culture, then without nature culture cannot exist, because any cultural action is based on physical, chemical and biological processes.
Life since the second half of the 20th century in philosophy and natural sciences is usually considered in two main approaches - substrate (the carriers of living properties are called: protein molecules, nucleic acids) and functional (the main properties of life are distinguished: metabolism, irritability, ability to self-regulate, growth, reproduction, adaptation to environmental conditions).
When describing social life, neoclassical philosophy pays special attention to the process of life, life activity, spiritual and communicative component of life.
The value of life is understood in different approaches:
a) as "reverence" for the life not only of a person, but also of other beings (A. Schweitzer, B. Kollikott, JI. White, etc.);
b) Preservation of life - a necessary prerequisite for the existence of man and humanity (from the protagorian judgment of man as the measure of all things).