As the central body of the system, the Sun represents the largest formation of this group of tel. Its diameter is 109 times that of the Earth and its volume is 1.3 million times that of its diameter and volume.
What is the sun?
It is a star like the many billions of other stars we see in the sky. Like them, the Sun is made up of hot gases. The light emanating from this sphere of gas and the heat associated with it are a necessary condition for life on Earth. Any heat and natural or artificially produced energy on our planet ultimately originates from the Sun. The electricity and gas that we use to cook and heat our rooms are made from coal, but coal is nothing but the stored energy of the Sun: it is made up of plants that grew up through the action of sunlight millions and billions of years ago. The sun controls the water cycle in nature - successive evaporation, upward movement of moisture and precipitation. By heating the Earth's atmosphere, it creates differences in air pressure, which causes the appearance of high and low-pressure areas and, as a consequence, winds, solar and lunar attractions cause sea tides and tides, etc. The measurement found that every minute per square meter of the earth's surface there is a quantity of heat that can heat one liter of water from 0 to 20°C. Recall that the surface area of the Earth is about 500 million kl2 so that we can get an idea of the magnitude of the falling to the Earth's solar energy. The total energy flux falling within 1 second on a surface equal to the cross-section of the Earth is 330 million horsepower.
However, a billionth of the energy emitted by the Sun does not fall to the Earth evenly in all directions of energy, and even the beam of light emitted in the direction of the Earth only partially penetrates the atmosphere, reaching the Earth's surface. How can this amount of energy occur on the surface or inside the Sun?
Composition of the sun
The sun consists of several layers. Its core is surrounded by a photosphere (the luminous layer we see) that is 4000 to 5000 km thick. Above it is a much thicker layer of chromosphere (colored layer), which is usually not visible because of its weak radiation (its thickness is about 10,000 km). Only during a solar eclipse, when the Moon covers almost the entire solar disk, can the chromosphere be seen for a few seconds. The boundary with the world space is the crown, which is a very beautiful sight; it can also be seen only during a solar eclipse. The gas consists of (mainly hydrogen and helium, but also in smaller amounts of other substances) has different temperatures in different layers of the Sun. The temperature on the surface of the Sun is about 6000°K, and to the center of this gas sphere, it increases to about 20 million °K. As with the other stars, the temperature values given here are not accompanied by the °С (Celsius) sign. Astronomy uses the Kelvin scale (hence the °K sign). Kelvin did not take the melting point of ice as zero, as Celsius did, but rather proceeded from the lowest achievable temperature. This is 273° on the Celsius scale. Thus, adding 273° to the Celsius temperature will give us the Kelvin temperature. In the central core of the Sun, the process of converting hydrogen into helium is ongoing. When this gas was discovered on the Sun, everyone was convinced that it was not on Earth. Therefore, "solar gas" was called helium (in Greek, "helium" is the sun). A little later it turned out that small amounts of helium were also present on Earth.
When the helium nuclei are synthesized into the Sun from hydrogen nuclei, the mass turns into energy; when 1 g of hydrogen is converted into helium, the energy of 175 LLC kW* his released. Since the Sun consists of 90% hydrogen, it is clear that for many billions of years it has been producing energy continuously. A similar process takes place during the explosion of a hydrogen bomb. Therefore, one can hardly imagine the devastating power of such weapons! Nations must fight to ensure that scientific research results are used only for peaceful purposes.
If science succeeds in turning hydrogen into helium without an explosion, as is the case with the Sun and the stars, it is possible to forget the concern about the constant increase in energy consumption. But the sun does not only give off life-sustaining light and heat.