Continuation:
MANAGER'S PERSONALITY.
2.1 Individual style of activity of the manager.
At the moment, the question of the individual style of human activity, which seems so simple in the everyday sense, seems to be complex and poorly developed - in the scientific sense. By individual style of activity psychologists understand cognitive styles, affective styles, regulatory styles, management styles, and special cognitive styles... Such an abundance of terms does not clarify the issue, but makes it even more confusing. Perhaps most researchers agree on one thing: the individual style of activity is a broader concept than cognitive or affective style.
A.N.Zankovskiy notes that the individual style of activity arises as a regulation of temperamental properties of a person. It is necessary for the successful course of activity, as it helps to use the strengths of temperament to carry out these activities and neutralize the weaknesses. "The combination of successful individual methods and techniques developed by a person in the process of activity characterizes his individual style of activity. Acquisition of individual style does not change the temperament itself, as individual style - a set of options for activity, the most convenient for a person with his temperament.
E.A. Klimov noted the adaptive effect of the individual style, which "turns on" quickly and naturally under the influence of the external environment. Among the features that make up the core of the individual style of activity there are always two groups:
the features conducive to success in this situation;
features that hinder success.
If the individual style of the leader does not correspond to the activity performed, sooner or later, he grows compensatory elements, which can also be considered within the framework of the individual style of activity.
In addition, the individual style should also include features related to the maximum use of the personality traits. V.S.Merlin has allocated two basic components of individual style: its physiological base (typological properties of nervous system and features of temperament) and psychological mechanisms which structure includes ways of activity which are developed by the subject according to its requirements and the individual features (and which are caused by its general abilities).
The cognitive style of a personality included in an individual style is an actualization of the cognitive structure of a personality - its subsystem - and mediates the processes of operating with information. "In this sense, the cognitive style is a certain "projection" of the personality on the cognitive sphere.
Cognitive style of a manager is an individual way of processing information in accordance with his or her own personality, as well as professional motives and management tasks. Information on contradictions in the managed social system will be subject to priority consideration and reaction in the form of a management decision, as it will be an indicator of problems. The very understanding of the presence/absence of a problem may depend on the cognitive style of the manager: where one will be calm, the other will already be concerned about taking appropriate measures. There is also an affective style, the main function of which is regulatory. It is believed that cognitive style represents cognitive function ("to reflect the constant in the changing world"), and affective style represents regulation ("to be in line with the changing world"). But in general, it is difficult to separate cognitive and affective styles from each other.
Of the individual-personal variables associated with the decision-making process, the locus of control is the most intensively studied. Rotter found that people with an internal locus of control have a high need for achievement, while those with an external locus of control have a lower need for achievement. Obviously, a vocation leader must have an internship, both in general and in production. This fact is confirmed by studies of domestic and foreign scientists. "The data given by Miller and others about the control locus of managers are interesting. It was found that they are characterized by higher indicators of the control locus than nonmanagers. The control locus is directly related to the firm's strategy. Managers with a higher level of internal subjective control tend to introduce more innovations in production, take greater risks and make their own decisions without inviting experts".
Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator.
To be continued.