"Your baby is multiple, can you look up?" "My child just went to kindergarten, often eat bad, what should I do?"... This problem plagued many young mothers and expectant mothers waiting for the baby to arrive. For the baby's health, each couple begins to prepare early, from pregnancy to parenting. Prenatal checkups, disease screenings... one can't be less.
- ■ Pregnant women: prenatal check against fetal malformations
Now, there are fewer people doing premarital examinations, and the importance of prenatal care becomes self-evident. Most children's congenital diseases can be found when the mother is pregnant. Ms. Mu Shigang, a doctor who has been engaged in prenatal care for many years, told reporters that there are many factors that cause fetal malformations, such as pregnant women with genetic risk factors, pregnant women over 35 years old, family history or those who have had childbirth before delivery, and the couple themselves have congenital defects. People, couples with diabetes, pregnancy, especially early pregnancy exposure to chemical factors such as pesticides, alcoholism or taking contraceptives, anti-epileptic drugs and maternal infections, etc., may cause children with congenital diseases. Screening is an experiment that must be carried out before a prenatal diagnosis is made by a pregnant woman. Through prenatal screening techniques, screening high-risk groups early to prevent birth defects.
Prenatal examination: 11 to 14 weeks, 18 to 24 weeks, 30 to 34 weeks, 38 to 40 weeks of pregnancy to the hospital for different items.
Screening for major items: Down's syndrome, neural tube defects (preferably 15 to 19 weeks).
- ■Newborn: arly detection of disease screening
A person in charge of the genetic diagnosis room of a hospital reported that the department received several cases of newborn defects every month, among which there were more congenital types. Among the causes of birth defects, genetic factors account for about 25%, and environmental factors account for about 10%. In order to detect the child's disease early, it is necessary to screen the newborn for disease screening.
Neonatal screening refers to the screening of certain serious congenital metabolic diseases and endocrine diseases through blood tests, so that before the clinical symptoms have not been shown or the performance is slight but the biochemical and hormonal changes have become more obvious. Early diagnosis. Therefore, early treatment can be carried out to avoid the death or growth and the development of intelligent development caused by irreversible damage of vital organs such as brain, liver and bone.
At present, the diseases screening for neonatal diseases in our province include hypothyroidism and phenylketonuria. Newborn screening for phenylketonuria should be taken 48 to 72 hours after birth, otherwise there will be no protein load and phenylpropanoid in blood. Is not elevated, it is easy to cause false negative; congenital hypothyroidism (CH) screening mainly measures blood thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), screening blood, if found too late may cause mental retardation. Symptoms are not obvious at birth, symptoms appear gradually after a few months, timely and early treatment, except for a few refractory types, most of the children's physical and intellectual development will reach normal.
Screening for important items: hypothyroidism, phenylketonuria.
- ■Physical examination: health guidance to escort
“Puffy, more bean sprouts” is a common phenomenon in kindergartens and elementary schools. Various factors have led some parents to ignore the development of the child at various stages, and by the time of discovery, some of the nutrition has been difficult to supplement. The health status of infants and children is extremely unstable. Feeding, disease onset, and changes in living environment will affect children. Therefore, at different stages of child development, parents should take their children to professional institutions for regular inspections to understand their growth. Developmental and health conditions, early detection of physical defects and diseases. Liu Qi, a child care doctor, said that physical examination is to provide guidance on health care through observation, physical measurement and evaluation, and systemic examination. Every examination must understand the child's mental state, skin, heart and lungs, liver and spleen, oral cavity and some movement development, according to the problems found in the examination, and then do orientation examination, such as hemoglobin, trace element examination. Some large professional medical institutions in our province have carried out nutrition guidance for children, child development and intelligence measurement, children's mental health consultation, assessment of children's physical development, early childhood education, prevention and treatment of various malnutrition diseases.
Physical examination time: full moon, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year old; 1~3 years old children every half year physical examination; 3~7 years old children should be checked once a year. Our reporter Han Yan