None of the directions has gained such a loud popularity outside the sphere of psychology as psychoanalysis, Freudism. Freudism was named after the founder Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). On the basis of his ideas, with some adjustments and additions, a whole psychological direction was gradually formed - "psychoanalysis". Psychoanalysis is the doctrine of the unconscious, of the vast and important area of the human spirit, to which we still have no path beyond the teachings of Sigmund Freud. The unconscious is an area from which consciousness is completely excluded, in other words, the phenomena dictated to us by the unconscious are felt as completely alien to us, unbound and not conditioned by our "I". These phenomena include all the variety of obsessive words, motifs, aspirations, which, having become attached to us, cannot be repulsed, are beyond our control, and we wait with a tedious feeling when they leave. From the same unconscious influence on us forces that force us to make a number of mistakes, engagements, descriptions, causing in us a specific distraction, forgetfulness, addiction, irritation.
The fate of psychoanalysis
The creation and dissemination of psychoanalysis (from Greek psyche - soul, psyche and analysis - decomposition, dissection, study, research) as a new method of psychotherapy and teaching about man and society is one of the most significant events in the intellectual life of people in the 20th century and the history of human self-knowledge. Psychoanalysis was developed at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries by an Austrian physician, neurologist, psychopathologist, psychiatrist and psychologist Sigmund Freud.
Creating a psychoanalysis
Seeking to penetrate into the depths of the psyche, Freud drew attention to the associative nature of thinking and decided to use this phenomenon to obtain the necessary information about the causes, sources and mechanisms of mental disorders. To this end, in 1896 he developed and applied a special method of probing, research, diagnosis and therapy, called the free association method. The first practical use of this method is considered to be the date of creation of psychoanalysis (1896), which in total was developed and developed by Z.Freud for more than 40 years. And in the final form he was a complex system of methods, techniques, models, hypotheses, theoretical constructs, concepts and a number of different theories, different degrees of commonality and reliability.
Psychoanalytical methods
Shortly after the creation of the free association method, under pressure from practical and theoretical needs, Freud developed two more diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Thus, the main clinical methods (technical means) of psychoanalysis to which they related were created:
1.Analysis of free associations (associative method);
2. dream analysis and interpretation of dreams;
3. analysis and interpretation of various kinds of erroneous actions (reservations, misstatements, etc.).
Aspects of the analysis
The essential moment of creation and development of psychoanalysis was the principle of analysis of all mental phenomena developed by Z.Freud. According to him, each phenomenon had to be studied and disclosed in three main aspects: 1) dynamic (as a result of interaction of different mental forces); 2) topical (determining its exact location); 3) economic (i.e., energetic, as a result of functioning of free and bound mental energy involved in concrete processes).
Mental health
The most important achievement of Freud's teachings was the creation of fundamentally new ideas about human psyche and mental processes. Having proved illegitimacy of identification of "mental" and "conscious" and having shown that conscious processes at all do not exhaust the maintenance of mentality, Z.Freud has developed dynamic model of human psyche as the formation consisting of three interacting systems: unconscious, pre-conscious and conscious.
Models of psyche and psychodynamics created by Z.Freud had a huge impact on the development of his teaching and therapy and initiated a socially significant worldview psychoanalytical revolution in the ideas of psyche and human life