It has improved as society has evolved. With the advent of writing, a variety of medical works began to be created. In the written heritage of the ancient peoples of Egypt and Greece, Rome and Iran, India and Tibet, Central Asia and other countries, medical monuments occupy an honorable place. The term "folk medicine" in its modern interpretation means the totality of all kinds of so-called non-traditional medicine, uniting mainly Eastern medical schools, healing, and treatment with the help of methods and techniques that do not require the use of industrially produced drugs. One of the most important methods of folk medicine is the hardening of the organism. Organism hardening is a system of preventive procedures contributing to the increase of organism resistance to adverse environmental influences, development of conditionally-reflective reactions of thermoregulation for the purpose of its perfection. Thermoregulation of the organism is a person's ability to maintain the temperature of internal organs in certain narrow limits, despite significant fluctuations in the temperature of the environment. It happens in the following way: with the threat of cooling the skin vessels are narrowed, the heat output is limited and the heat production is increased. In this way, the body maintains a balance between heat transfer and heat transfer in different temperature situations. In the event of significant external temperature fluctuations, the temperature of the internal organs of a person may deviate from the normal values by 0.2 - 0.3 ° C in a trained (hardened) organism and up to 2 ° C or more - in other people. It is important to start hardening from early childhood when the thermoregulation is in the stage of formation and the mechanisms of immunobiological protection develop. For full-body hardening it is necessary to use procedures in a complex, observing the principles of gradualness, regularity, and consideration of individual characteristics of the body. If the organism is not trained for cooling or sudden temperature changes, its reaction to cold is an unconditional reflex. In this case, there is a disorder of thermoregulation and, as a consequence, there are chills, reduced immunity of internal organs, the risk of disease. The reaction of the hardened organism to temperature changes is completely different because it has a conditionally reflex character: it increases heat production due to the reduction of skin vessels - the so-called game of vasomotor - and increases blood flow to all organs, increases metabolism. Hardening has a pronounced seasonal character. In the spring-summer period, the https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/young-man-swimming-ice-hole-90110443?irgwc=1&utm_medium=Affiliate&utm_campaign=Pixabay%20GmbH&utm_source=44814&utm_term=https%3A%2F%2Fpixabay.com%2Fphotos%2Fsearch%2Fwinter%2520swimming%2Fhardening of the body occurs spontaneously, due to the relief of clothing and swimming in open water. It is necessary to use hardening procedures as often as possible and for a long time to train and increase resistance to temperature fluctuations and its lowering in the autumn-winter period. But in the cold season, air methods of hardening (stay in the air), as well as more complex: bathing in the ice-hole (walrus), Russian steam room with subsequent immersion in the snow. Hardening is carried out on a principle of gradual strengthening of an irritant. Therefore, for example, it is strongly recommended to start contrasting procedures at once not to carry out contrasting showers, poured alternately with warm and cold water, the combination of Russian steam bath with swimming pool or snow, depending on the season, only in the second year of systematic hardening procedures. In the first year are limited to air and sunbaths, wiping, bathing at constant water temperature. In case of insufficient fixation, the effect of hardening the organism is removed. Thus, during the procedures for 2-3 months. With their subsequent termination of the hardening of the body disappears after 1-1.5 months.
At long breaks, quenching procedures begin again with the initial air and water temperatures. It is very important to take into account the individual characteristics of the body. In children, it is, in particular, heart disease, anemia, asthma. Hardening should not be carried out to the patient's complete recovery, as well as suffering from chronic kidney disease. Easily excitable people need soothing procedures (air baths, wiping). Sunny-air baths are excluded. People with predominant inhibition processes are recommended to pouring and contrasting procedures, and sluggish - pouring immediately after sleep, calm and balanced - after morning gymnastics. End of part 1. Continuation should be.