Phraseologisms are important lexical means of expression that is regularly reproduced in speech. They have an inner furtiveness that native speakers subtly feel, but this can lead foreigner to a dead end. Interpretation of the actual meaning of phraseologisms, as well as their inner form motivating their actual meaning, and creation of physiological dictionaries is a necessary and complicated task which is solved by linguists and philologists.
Word like “knock the ground out of the way” or “get it out of the ground” are characterized by regular irreducibility in speech and idiomatic, i.e. irregularity of semantics. For example, the expression “to work after sleeves” according to these criteria are a phraseology. In rare situations, this expression is used in a direct sense: a person works without rolling up his shirt sleeves. However, most often “after sleeves” means “bad." In this case, the meaning of the word combination “work after sleeves” is idiomatic: it cannot be derived from the meaning of the verb “lower” and from the meaning of the noun "sleeves" by regular rules, because such rules are absented in the grammar, and are not provided by the dictionary. We recommend this topic: Replication in Prussianize physiological system is an indeterminate area between grammar and vocabulary, two large areas that make up the language system. Grammar is the rule of word combinations that allow words to be used to form word combinations and sentences. In other words, grammar belongs to the sphere of regularity, and the dictionary is a compendium of words that compare certain meanings.
In some understandings, the dictionary is presented as a mental lexicon in the minds of native speakers, that is, it is a sphere of irregular knowledge. When using the language and generating speech forms, native speakers turn to both vocabulary and grammar. On the border between these two phenomena there are expressions which, regarding their structure and composition, should be studied rather in the sphere of grammar because these are not single-word expressions, but word combinations, but there are no special rules for their generation in grammar, these expressions are fixed in the dictionary. In this intermediate zone between grammar and vocabulary there is a physiological system which includes many phenomena of language and speech.
History of the study of phraseology study of the physiological system as a separate direction in the science of language arose in the USSR in the 50s of the twentieth century. Its origin is connected with the name of the Soviet linguist, academician Victor Vinogradov (1895-1969). Based on the works of the famous Swiss linguist Charles Bally (1865-1947), one of the students of Ferdinand be Issue (1857-1913), Vinogradov formulated the basic concepts of phraseology and gave the first classification of phraseology. Similar disciplines began to emerge in the countries that in Soviet times were called "countries of popular democracy", especially in the GDR. Nowadays, phraseology is represented in almost all European countries, except Great Britain: despite the existence of the English-speaking term phraseology, in the Anglo-Saxon linguistic tradition of phraseology as such are not studied.
Of many physiological units, collocations (collocations), which are regularly reproduced with a low degree of idiomatic, are most often studied on English language material. Idioms, collocations and proverbsThere are different classifications of phraseology. According to the most common, the center of the physiological system idioms. These are regularly reproduced word combinations with a strong degree of idiomatic. They are significantly rethought, have semantically opaque components, have a significant figurative component and so on. For example, the word combination “can't see a single GI” is used in the modern Russian language in the meaning “can't see anything." There are no grammatical and semantic rules by which the meaning of this form can be calculated on a regular basis. On the periphery of the physiological system there are less idiomatic types of phraseologisms, the meaning of which is easier to calculate.
One of such types is collocation - phraseology, one of the elements of which is used in the direct sense, and the second semantically devastated. For example, in the collocation “to put a question” the word “question” is used in the direct sense, and the verb “to put” is used in the semantically devastated meaning “to do." This is a verb collocation. Unlike semantically full-valued elements, which are used by native speakers according to regular rules, semantically devastated elements are unique and vary from language to language. For example, if they say “solve the problem” in Russian, The then, in German — and Entscheidung Reffed, that is, “meet the solution,” or and Entscheidung Europe — “grab the solution." In these cases, native English speakers use the form to make a decision. An example of non-verbal collocation is the phrase “burning brunette”.