The entire Soviet period in the history of the state continued to see an increase in our presence in international trade. At the time of Brezhnev's stagnation, 20% of the world market was in our country.
Many researchers of the Soviet period believe that the 1930s and 1950s should be considered the most favorable years for the analysis of the formation and development of the planned economy. Industrialization was justified. The country was under great external pressure, and only economic problems in the West were a deterrent to attempts to organize another expansion. The "Great Depression" bound the market models of the world's leading countries, and the mobilization economy
of the Soviet Union in terms of volume of manufactured products came in second place in the world. 9 thousand new largest enterprises, built and put into operation for 12 years, are a serious argument in favor of the efficiency of the system.
Hundreds of new cities were built, the social structure of the society changed, and the working class numbered tens of millions of people.
The creation of a new type of state, the appearance of a huge number of social lifts, which led to a change in the structure of society, is a long process, and it was not possible to go this way, relying on the values of liberalism.
The model of mobilization economy was based on the opinion of old specialists, but their experience and knowledge were not always decisive.
Planned tasks were reviewed during implementation and tightened. Numerous critics claim that it was possible to avoid the use of extreme methods and to carry out reforms gradually, so, for example, N.I. Bukharin proposed the theory of peaceful incorporation of the "fist" (a strong master) into socialism.
The majority of modern studies provide evidence of backwardness and inefficiency of the command and control economic system. In our opinion, these assessments are ambiguous; modern Russia has completely abandoned planning and lost its consistency, becoming a source of raw materials for the European Union and other countries that buy natural resources at inexpensive prices.
The main features of the Soviet economy of the Stalin era were the nationwide ownership of all means of production; state planning; centralized management of the entire economic complex; ensuring the economic security of the country; accelerated development of industries producing machinery and equipment.
К. Marx argued that the "Achilles' heel" of capitalism is a contradiction in the issue of attribution of labor results. Production is known to be public in nature, but most of the profits are appropriated by the owner of the means of production.
Communist economy was based on other principles. One of the most important things is that the results of work were managed by the whole society. It was the state, represented by the state, that carried out the distribution in accordance with personal participation. The difference in remuneration was, but it was not critical.
One of the most important elements of this model was its planned character and the goals it pursued. Profit as such was not the tip of the iceberg, it was not about enriching individuals, no matter what positions they held. The main thing was the directive nature of planning, which took into account the needs of the state in ensuring sovereignty and only then, to create favorable conditions for all citizens.
Planning of economic activity allows to make a different interpretation of the laws of supply and demand. If the state purposefully carries out production and satisfies the basic needs of the population (in a certain historical perspective), the threat of economic crises disappears. As is known, they are the ones that the capitalist world is most afraid of.
The planning methodology applied in the Soviet Union was ahead of its time: a balance was drawn up taking into account the possibilities of output by various industries, which made it possible to make proportions of the exchange of intermediate products and to determine the volume of output of goods.
Thus, the distinguishing feature from the market model is not the amount of profit, but the satisfaction of the needs of the state and society.
Taking into account the system of division of labour, specialization of sectors and the mechanism of cooperation, this model has achieved significant efficiency.