1. Introduction
Agricultural wastes are referred to as substances that are more nutritious or eatable, and before harvesting, during harvesting or after harvesting, a farm, garden, livestock breeding, fish breeding or fishing in open water and The area where agriculture, livestock and aquaculture are being developed are being developed. In some cases, harvesting and preparing operations are being made on the market for consumption, debris or waste. Also, some agricultural products have been damaged due to lack of timely consumption by consumers or during storage or transportation and become degradable due to quality changes or corruption. The processing of agricultural wastes and livestock, livestock and aquaculture, is an appropriate solution for the elimination of environmental pollution and its reuse and economic use in various uses, including food, agriculture, textile, pharmaceuticals, etc. Agricultural wastes and wastes are usually accumulated at the site of production and are not usable or transported in the same form and easily degraded and must be destroyed or buried. But if they are processed properly, they will become valuable, lasting and usable products, and in addition, they will be able to move to different places for various uses . Our main goal in this review article is to recall the value of processing agricultural wastes in the country's current economy.
2. Review Resources
The Importance of Production Wastes in Agriculture Due to its location in the arid areas of the world, Iran is not rich enough to enjoy rain and water resources. Therefore, the shortage of water resources leads to a reduction in the production of agricultural products and plentiful fertile fields with a shortage of water for agricultural development. Low oil and high prices of feed and agricultural inputs in the country lead to higher prices for agricultural products. Processing and improving the quality of agricultural wastes and wastes will make these waste materials economically used. Most of the types of agriculture and agricultural products are well-suited to the operation and can be used in a variety of ways. With investment and planning for waste utilization, about 20 to 30 million tons of agricultural products are prevented and $ 5 billion worth of revenues are paid in the country, which is approximately equal to the value of non-oil exports to Iran. And the equivalent of the cost of providing food is 20 million. On the other hand, most of the waste produced in different parts of agriculture is discarded and in the environment it is abandoned without any measures. In these conditions, scum, debris, drainage and discharge of such waste, in addition to air and soil, also contaminate groundwater and cause large environmental contamination. So it is observed that the treatment of waste and waste from the environmental point of view is also significant.
2.1. Types of Agricultural Products Wastes
By-products and waste produced in the agricultural sector are very diverse and contain a lot of items. In a general look, we can categorize the most important of these products as follows:
2.1.1. Wastes Originating from Livestock
Animal waste contains several sub-sections:
1. Dairy products and wastes or their related products such as whey and waste related to other dairy products.
2. Wastes from livestock and poultry slaughterhouses and other domestic animals, including blood powder, bone powder, visceral waste powder, skin powder, filler powder and processed and cooked poultry as poultry slaughter powder.
3. Wastes from the packaging of meat and poultry and related products.
2.1.2. Residues of Aquatic Origin
Wastes from aquatic origin are introduced as follows:
1. Wastes related to canned fish.
2. Residues related to the practice of fish and live shrimp (packaging industry).
3. Process fish and aquatic products in order to produce fish powder.
4. Pulp and waste related to the fish oil industry.
2.1.3. Residues of Crops and Conversion Industries
These wastes can be presented in several sub-sections as follows:
1. Residues of field crops.
2. Residues from the production of grain, including cereals, legumes and food items.
3. The remnants of the flour industry.
4. The remains of the rice industry.
5. Remains of tomatoes and composting industries.
6. The remnants of food packaging industry, such as chips, puff cakes, snacks, macaroni, cake and potatoes, flour and rice, pickles, jams and other food products.
7. The remains of the lubrication industry from oilseeds and meal production.
2.1.4. Remnants of Garden Products
Gardener wastes are also introduced in several sub-sections as follows:
1. Waste from processing, packing of garden products and fresh fruits.
2. Waste from palm, olive, pistachio and dry.
3. Wastes from drying products, such as grapes, figs and similar fruits.
4. Other remnants of garden products . Tea is one of the strategic products of the northern region of Iran with a history of 120 years. The area under cultivation is about 32,000 hectares in more than 900 villages in the cities of Somesara, Fouman, Shafte, Rasht, Lahijan, Astaneh Ashrafieh, Siahkal, Langroud, Rudsar and Amlash in Guilan province and Ramsar and Tonekabon cities around Chalous Mazandaran province is about 200 km long and irregularly spaced apart and distantly and far and close to the main road is dispersed, and now about 60,000 households are involved in the cultivation of this product and 8,000 households in the process of processing in 183 factories Tea is busy. Per capita consumption of tea in Iran ranged from about 1.2 kilograms in 1977 to about 1.5 kilograms in 2016, and total tea consumption from about 41 thousand tons to 120 thousand tons per year. The amount of domestic tea production is about one quarter of the country's needs, and the rest of the country is imported. Also, according to the country's tea industry, the average dry tea production of the country during the 5 year period of 2010-2014 is 22 thousand tons annually . Tea is one of the main products of the agricultural sector, with a high volume of waste, especially in the processing stage. Investigating the causes of waste in factories and trying to reduce them can be considered as important issues. Tea is processed in orthodox in Iran, which consists of five stages, plus, rubbing, fermenting, dry, packing and grading. The waste from the processing was divided into four sections: Po, Demo, Stem and Vein. The inappropriateness of tea harvesting and the capacity of factories, as well as the length of gardens to farms and inadequate transportation, delay the processing of leafy leaf and leaf maturation, and eventually increased processing losses. The high lifetime of the machines and the wear and tear of machinery, especially in the rubbing and human error stage, are factors that affect the increase in plant waste production. The produced waste in the drying and grading stages also has the highest amount in autumn China, and Poi forms the bulk of the waste .
"to be continued in the next part"