Logistics - the science of planning, management, control and regulation of the movement of material and information flows in space and time from their primary source to the final consumer.
Although logistics has deep historical roots, it is a relatively young science. It was especially developed during the Second World War, when it was used to solve strategic tasks and to ensure clear interaction between the defense industry, standard and supply bases and transport in order to provide the army with arms, fuel and lubricants and food in a timely manner. Gradually, the concepts and methods of logistics began to be transferred from the military field to the civilian one, first as a new scientific direction on the rational management of the movement of material flows in the sphere of circulation, and then in production.
The logistics units were created at the enterprises of industry, agrarian-industrial complex, transport, in the NATO apparatus, they are included in the organizational committees for holding major international competitions, etc.
By the end of the 20th century, logistics science is a discipline that includes procurement or supply logistics, logistics of production processes, sales or distribution logistics, transport logistics, information or computer logistics, and a number of others.
Each of these areas of human activity is sufficiently studied and described in the relevant literature; the novelty of the logistics approach itself is the integration of these areas, as well as areas of activity in order to achieve the desired result with minimum time and resources through optimal end-to-end management of material and information flows.
Transport is a material industry that transports people and goods. In the structure of public production, transport refers to the production of material services. Transport as an integral part of a larger system, i.e. the logistics chain, has led to the need to consider it in different aspects. In terms of the efficiency of individual modes of transport, the transport of goods between the points of departure and destination at each of them is of interest. However, from a transport management perspective, it is useful to analyse the entire transport process from the shipper's door to the consignee's door. If we take into account the interests of the clientele, it is necessary to take into account not only transportation by main transport modes, but also processing, storage, packing and unpacking, supply of materials to the machines in the shop and all related information processes accompanying the material flow. This approach helps to optimize the choice of transport services, as the quality of transport tends to have a greater impact on overall costs than the cost of transport.
From the point of view of specialization and cooperation of production, the study of transport cannot be limited to the sphere of separate logistical links. It should be considered in the entire logistics system, from the primary supplier to the final consumer, including intermediate stages.
The purpose of the coursework is to systematize, consolidate, and provide theoretical and practical knowledge on transport logistics.
The objectives of the coursework are to identify the nature and objectives of logistics, as well as to consider the impact of logistics on transport policy, and to indicate the objectives of transport optimization.