Functions of lying.
A virtuous lie.
A virtuous lie is a kind of deliberate deception, because it expresses a certain interest of a person, in contrast to the lies used to realize, as a rule, an egoistic interest. A virtuous lie can be divided into two groups:
The first of these can include all cases where the object of deception and the object of good deed coincide. A typical example of this is the concealment from the patient of information about the true state of his health, which can plunge the patient into a severe psycho-emotional experience, depression, suicidal mood, which will dramatically reduce his activity in the fight against the disease.
P.I. Yunatskevich refers to the second group of cases when the object of deception and the object of good deed do not coincide. For example, in cases when it is necessary to neutralize a terrorist with whom negotiations are conducted, all possible forms of pressure and distortion of reality are undertaken in such a way as to weaken his attention or force him to succumb to provocation, after which he can be neutralized.
Protection of material interests
It is, first of all, the protection of a person, a group of people close to him or her, or material (perhaps, for some - spiritual) values from changes that are considered by this person as undesirable.
Increase of one's material wealth
A writer who rewrites a book by an unknown author and passes it off as his own, what does he do? A scientist who assigns discoveries to his colleagues or assigns his name to a list of authors, what does he do? Acquires spiritual benefits (fame, fame, prestige, status, etc.). All these people realize the function of lies - the acquisition of spiritual benefits.
Reasons for lying
Lying is an integral part of everyday life. A person may say they like birthday gifts, but they are of no value to him or her. We have been learning to lie since childhood, and as we grow up, cases of deception become more frequent and peak during adolescence (11-12 years). Teenage lies are a signal that something is happening to a teenager.
Attracting attention to yourself
This is the case when a teenager is not sure if he or she is still loved by his or her parents or interested in his or her peers. Perhaps the child thinks that with the help of lies, he or she can overcome the barrier between himself or herself and the people whose opinion he or she values. And she doesn't understand that she may lose her trust in them. Parents need to warn their child about this.
A desire to get out of control
When a child gets older, he or she needs more autonomy from adults. The child starts to create such an inaccessible space, where only he or she can manage. Sometimes the desire to be independent leads teenagers to completely senseless lies.The teenager simply has a process of forming his private, personal life.
A resentment against parents
This happens when parents are more attentive to the youngest child or constantly quarrel among themselves, or even divorced, and the teenager is separated from the family. Often the reason for lying may be some minor events, from the point of view of adults.
Significant problems at school or in other environments of importance to the child.
There is no relationship with classmates, there are difficulties with learning or he has found himself in another difficult life situation (monetary debt, the need to help a friend). His problems are out of the house, but he starts to behave with his parents in a defiant way. And the reason for this is the sharply decreased self-esteem from the inability to cope with the circumstances.
Fear of punishment
A clear sign of pedagogical incompetence and, more often than not, just pedagogical impotence, is the use of such unacceptable means in the family as intimidation, threats, punishment by physical labor, verbal abuse. Thus, for example, the consequence of physical punishment is cowardice, obedience, heartlessness, anger, hypocrisy and cruelty, and as a consequence, endless lies.
Lies for salvation.
In adolescence, it is used quite often. Since friendship is of particular importance at this age, lying to save your friends in times of need is a noble deed in the teenager's opinion. He or she will sincerely believe that he or she does nothing wrong by using lies of any kind to save peers - silence, denial of the obvious and the like.
Lies are so natural that they have long since penetrated all spheres of human activity. Everyone has been deceived at least once in his life and deceived others more than once.
Teenage lies have their own characteristics, types and motives. It is associated with the originality of age-related crises occurring in the process of development.