It is impossible to tell about all the planets in the sky and objects available for observation, so we describe the most interesting ones.
Not a planet, a star
The main luminary that can be seen on a clear day is the sun.
The sun is the closest star to us, and thanks to this, the only star whose surface can be seen (the other stars can only be seen at night, and even in the largest telescopes they are visible as glowing dots).
It is so interesting to observe the Sun every day - we can follow the development of the spot, see how new spots appear. The size of the spots is comparable to the size of our planet, and some of them are several times larger than the Earth.
Spots seem dark only in contrast - they have a temperature of 4000 degrees and 6000 degrees on the rest of the solar surface.
On the telescope, solar observations are absolutely safe, thanks to the use of a special solar screen. Observations of the Sun allow to define its condition at the present time.
It is known that the Sun is calm and active. The activity of the Sun changes with a period of 10-11 years. The smaller the number of spots, the calmer the Sun is. Observations of the Sun's activity have been carried out for many decades.
Venus
Venus is the only planet in the sky that can be observed in the daytime, however, under ideal conditions and with maximum shine.
This planet in the sky - the third brightest shining of our sky after the Sun and Moon. It can be seen either in the morning before sunrise or in the evening immediately after sunset. Not without reason in ancient times it was called the Morning and Evening Star. At night Venus is badly seen. And it was named after the goddess of love and beauty.
In the telescope, Venus changes its appearance like the moon: sometimes it is a full disk, sometimes a little sickle. But it is impossible to see any details on the surface of the planet. Solid white clouds completely hide it.
Mars
The Earthlings call it a red planet in the sky. Mars is named after the Roman God of War, for the similarity of the shade of the planet with the color of blood. It still causes great curiosity of people and not only scientists. Mars has interesting facts for children, which induce fear and genuine interest in them.
Very similar among the planets in the sky on the composition of our native land. Its core is covered with a robe. It consists of silicates with iron oxides. It is the composition that gives the planet its reddish color. But the core of the Earth has a liquid state and it is constantly moving. It is noteworthy that the inner core moves in the opposite direction than the outer core. In this way, a magnetic field is created, which protects the earth's surface from sunlight.
It should be noted that Mars is half the size of the earth and the total mass is only 10% of the earth's mass. The core of Mars does not move and has a solid-state. The red planet is exposed to solar radiation, its core is covered with a mantle.
It's noteworthy that there are no tectonic plates moving. Therefore, the surface is always constant and carbon dioxide is not removed from the air. The bark was formed by volcanic eruptions. The surface of the planet is covered with powder coating of oxides. But on a planet often there are squally winds that lead to fast changes of a surface. One revolution around the sun lasts 687 days in earthly terms. And the distance to the sun always changes, it depends on the gravity of other planets. In due course, the orbit can change in a root.
On a planet, there is a canyon which is much more than the well-known canyon in the USA. It is not only longer, but also deeper. The Red Planet is also known to have mountains on it, and much higher than Everest. Moreover, here is Mount Olympus, the highest mountain in the solar system. Here are also the largest volcanoes. The average temperature is -60 degrees Celsius. If a person steps on the object, he will weigh less by 62%.
The air is dangerous for a person. The atmosphere of Mars consists of water vapor, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and other components. The Martian seasons last longer than the Earth seasons, but you need to know that they are not balanced.
There are no seas and oceans on the red celestial object. The surface is a dusty desert. But researchers have found the greatest reserves of water inside the surface of Mars. These reserves are frozen. And we know that if there is water, it means that there is a certain probability that they are traces of life on Mars.
With the help of modern technology, scientists have presented evidence that the planet had water in liquid form and maybe there was life on it. Scientists are trying to find out if there was life on Mars. Maybe there is life today but in some other form. Mars has satellites: Phobos and Deimos. Deimos is translated as horror and Phobos as fear.
An interesting fact happened to these satellites. Jonathan Swift, an English writer, in the "Journey of Gulliver" wrote in detail about the two satellites of the red planet. Surprisingly, they were discovered only 150 years after the publication of this book. Galileo Galilei was the very first astronomer to observe Mars through a telescope.
And here is an interesting fact that still keeps scientists awake. The relief of the southern hemisphere is covered with craters and has many mountains. The northern hemisphere is calmer and smoother, sometimes even smoother. What is the reason for the asymmetry of the hemispheres on Mars? There is no solid theory until now. In one of the hemispheres of the planet is the mountain massif of Kidonia. The Martian Sphinx was discovered there. One of the spacecraft photographed the pyramids and a very large human face, which was carved from stone. This was an assertion that there is life on Mars.
Jupiter
Jupiter is the biggest planet. At the maximum level of brightness, Jupiter is second only to Venus, the Moon, and the Sun in terms of brightness.
The most attractive detail is the Red Spot, which is three times the size of the Earth. The shape of the spot changes, it becomes pale and darker. It is assumed that it is a stable atmospheric vortex, rising 15 kilometers above the cloud layer.
Saturn
Saturn is the sixth planet of the solar system. Saturn's most remarkable feature is the luxurious ring that surrounds the equator. You can see the ring only in the telescope with a magnification of at least 120 times
Such planets in the sky can be seen with the naked eye, but what "happens" on them know or assume only scientists.