Mutation
For modern evolutionary theory, the question of mutation is of great importance. If mutations had not occurred, evolution would not have been possible. Therefore, we must study the question of mutations and see if they do take place, as evolutionists claim.
First of all, there is no doubt that mutations can and do occur. Secondly, there is no doubt that any change in the gene is always a change for the worse. This was to be expected. Genes are complex and surprising, and any major change in them leads to their less effective functioning.
This is what geneticists have learned after seventy years of intense experimentation. During this time, they caused thousands of mutations in different organisms, but they never managed to get any mutations that would have a convincing effect on the body.
Indeed, it is now generally accepted that mutations in vivo are so rare and so often harmful that when they occur, they have no significance for the genetics of any population of living beings. All individuals undergoing mutation tend to die, and therefore the genetic structure of the population as a whole remains unaffected by this mutation.
Mutations are far from being able to produce new, strong genes that would make possible the evolution of some breed of organisms. They represent extremely rare and destructive events that do not alter the genetic structure of the breed as a whole - except in some cases of its weakening.
This applies equally to so-called beneficial mutations, such as sickle cell anemia, as well as to the resistance of bacteria to drugs. But even if mutations were to occur as evolutionists claim, evolution would still be impossible.
Evidence
In his book "The Flow of Life", Sir Elistair Hardy, a well-known biologist, reminds us of one of the most fundamental ideas of evolution - that the same organ in different animals inevitably evolved from the same structure of a single common ancestor.
Take, for example, a seal fin, a human hand and a bird's wing. Although they are different in form and function, the basic arrangement of bones in them is the same. Therefore, it is assumed that all these creatures evolved from some primitive vertebrate, with the same arrangement of the main bones. Structures like this one, which are believed to have evolved from a single common ancestor, are called homologous structures.
Another example of a homologous organ is the eye of a fly. There are many different types of drosophiles, and some of them have fly eyes that look very different from each other. Although they look different, the evolutionist believes that they all evolved from some early type of eye. Therefore, they are homologous.
Evolutionary theory argues that all of the currently existing homologous organs evolved through the mutations of the genes that defined the original organ. In other words, the genes producing homologous organs in our time are the same genes that produced the ancetral organ; however, the structure of these genes has changed.
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