In order to carry out the main works on landscaping and landscaping of the territory, it is necessary to carry out a set of measures aimed at the organization of relief of the territory and surface runoff, laying of underground utilities, cleaning of the territory, preservation of existing valuable greenery and soil cover.
Preparation works should be carried out in accordance with the project implementation project in kind.
Preparation of the territory of the object shall include the following types of works: removal of garbage from the territory, creation of the geodetic support network, organization of relief, removal of dry, dying, pests and diseases of trees and shrubs; cleaning of the territory from branches, leaves, wood cutting residues; protection of valuable wood plants with the help of special devices, carrying out of measures for care of valuable plants - cutting of branches and shoots, feeding; identification of areas with valuable grass cover.
Construction of the road and path network at the object of improvement shall be carried out in accordance with the project and in compliance with general construction norms and rules.
Markup of the road and pathway network and trough cutting are carried out after the vertical planning of the territory and the placement of vegetative soil. All lanes shall be laid along their axes and linked to the main baselines.
In order to create a base for the troughs, it is filled with homogeneous soil and thoroughly irrigated with 5-6 cm impregnated water. The surface of the cloth is compacted by motor rollers with the passage from the edge to the middle of 5-6 times on the same track.
At the device of paths and platforms with bulk (stuffed) designs of clothes along borders of the prepared basis the basic logs are arranged or the curb (a curb (an onboard stone) is established. For this purpose, a groove with a depth of 10 cm and width of 12 cm is opened, a groove bed is planned, a concrete cushion is laid and a side stone is installed, pouring it into the concrete mass and leveling it manually with wooden rammers. The joints between the side stones are poured with mortar on the Portland cement of the mark not lower than 400, and the concrete mass is added to the base, compacting it. The joints should be no more than 10 mm.
After installation of the curb and preparation of the cloth on its surface scattered layer of crushed stone and aligned in accordance with the transverse and longitudinal profile of the path, profiled surface is moistened and rolled by the roller with a passageway for one trace of 5-7 times from the edges to the middle with the overlap of each trace at 1/3.
At the device of minor paths on a lawn tiles are stacked on a sandy pillow, pouring a tile in sand on 2/3 of its thickness; the surface of tiles is leveled. The joints between the tiles are covered with plant soil and sown with grass seeds.
Arrangement of paths with application of stone slabs, bricks and circulars from tree trunks is similar to laying of concrete slabs. It is recommended to keep all finished coverings for 3-4 days without exploitation.
Trees are usually planted in two periods - in spring and autumn. In spring - immediately after thawing the soil and before the buds open. In autumn - with the beginning of the fall and until mid-October (in the middle of Russia). Coniferous species are worse than deciduous ones. The best time to plant them is in August and early September, so that they can take root in a new place until winter.
The size of the planting holes for standard trees is at least 1 m in diameter and 0.6 m in depth. For single and group planting shrubs, the width of the planting pit is at least 0.7 m and the depth is 0.5 m. When planting a single-row and double-row hedge, a trench 0.6 m wide is used with the addition of 0.2 m for each subsequent row.
In case of group planting, one plant should have about 10 m2 per plant. Within the group, the distance between the plants should be 2-5 m. When group planting shrubs, the distance between them is chosen depending on their size, from 0.5 to 1.5 m.
When planting a single-row hedge, the distance between the plants should be 25-30 cm, in the case of double-row and multi-row hedges - 30-50 cm, and between rows of 20-30 cm. Multirow planting is performed in chess order.
Installation of the lawn. Rolled lawn consists of a strong mesh base and turf. After the rolled lawn has been transported to the site, it must be laid immediately, as the shelf life of the rolled lawn in the folded position is very short. It is recommended that the lawn is laid in the first day after purchase. If for any reason this is not possible, the material should never be left rolled up in rolls, but rolled out on a flat surface and carefully watered with water.
Flower bed device. Before landing, the surface of the planting area should be leveled with a rake. Then the area is divided into different sizes depending on plant species. On the planned and beaten with water surface of the flower bed is applied lines of drawing according to the breaking drawing with the help of roulette, cord, pegs, thin poles.
Flower beds made of perennials are watered differently, depending on the plant species or variety. Moisture-loving plants are watered systematically. Depth of a humidifying layer of soil should make not less than 20-25 sm. After watering the surface of the flower bed mulch dry peat chips mixed with sand. The mulching layer delays the evaporation of moisture and prevents the formation of crust.