History of self-driving cars
The car modified by the Citroen DS in the 1960s was driven automatically at the London Science Museum.
Experiments in automotive automation have been around since the 1920s [5], but it was not until the 1950s that viable experiments appeared and some results were achieved. The first truly automated car first appeared in the 1980s. In 1984, Carnegie Mellon University promoted the Navlab project [6] and the ALV program [7] [8]; in 1987, Mercedes-Benz and the Federal University of Defense in Munich jointly promoted Eureka Promethy The Xiusi project [9]. Since then, many large companies and research institutes have begun to produce prototypes of operational self-driving cars, including Mercedes-Benz, General Motors, Continental Automotive Systems, IAV, Mei'an, Robert Bosch, Nissan, Renault. Toyota, Audi, Regal Group, Baoshi, VisLab of the University of Parma, Oxford University and Google [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. In July 2013, Vislab demonstrated an autonomous vehicle called BRAiVE, which included an open road (some other general vehicles) [18]. By 2013, four states (Nevada, Florida, California, and Michigan) passed regulations allowing autopilots [19][20][21][22][23]. In 2015, the four states and Washington, DC allowed both self-driving cars to be tested on open roads, and Virginia will follow suit [24].
In English, autonomous cars can be written as autonomous cars or self-driving cars. In July 2015, The Economist reported that automakers wanted to distinguish between the two words [25]:
Car manufacturers... want to distinguish between autonomous cars and self-driving cars for their own benefit. The former is similar to the vehicle seen today, taking over the driver's control in certain circumstances... and the latter goes further. The steering wheel will disappear completely, and the same system as the sensor, radar and GPS provided by the former will be used throughout the journey. A few private cars will continue to exist, and the roads between urban and rural areas will probably be filled with shared vehicles.
On the evening of March 18, 2018, in the city of Tempe, Arizona, a self-driving Uber car crashed a pedestrian crossing the road [26] [27]. This is the world's first accident in which autonomous cars cause human death. The local police announced that the deceased was 49-year-old Elaine Herzberg. There was a safety officer driver in the car. He was sitting in the driving position and was not injured in the accident.
When the accident occurred, the victim pushed the bicycle from the shadow on the left side of the front of the vehicle. The vehicle did not make deceleration or avoidance measures, which may cause problems in the decision of automatic driving. The police released a video showing that the security officer also had a dereliction of duty. At that time, she looked down at the screen in the car and did not fulfill her responsibilities [28].
The car is a Volvo XC90 SUV. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration said in a statement to Reuters that the agency "is in contact with Uber, Volvo, federal authorities, state and local authorities on this incident," and Appropriate action will be taken.
Transportation system