Australia's wildlife is represented by a variety of species living in small climatic zones, which create favorable conditions for the development of one particular kind of animal or plant. However, they are doomed to death if the area disappears or the conditions become unfavorable for further development and existence.
For example, kangaroos - this species has learned to use less energy by jumping. This means he needs less writing, which has helped him survive in arid savannahs and semi-deserts. Female kangaroos are also pregnant all the time, they carry fertilized eggs with them, which develop into embryos under favorable environmental conditions and the female can bear and give birth. This allows a rapid recovery of the population.
Wombat is an animal from a sheep's skin, but in order to reach the size of an adult, it is necessary to eat three times less than a sheep. This feature has also helped to survive in difficult natural conditions.
Koala is a symbol of Australian wildlife on a par with kangaroos. These are small sloths that have no competitors among other animals because they only eat certain eucalyptus leaves. Since they are only herbivores, they save energy by hibernating most of the time. And they sleep, hanging on a tree, without going down.
Dwarf pines develop and grow near splashes of waterfalls, and if the waterfalls dry up, the plant disappears.
Natural areas of Australia
Australia's natural areas are relative to the southern tropics. In close proximity to the South Tropic, which runs right in the middle of the mainland, the Great Sandy Desert and the Great Victoria Desert stretch from the central part of the island to the south. These deserts are surrounded by savannahs and sparse woodlands.
On the east side of the island, humid equatorial forests stretch from the northeast to the center of the island, smoothly passing into alternately wet monsoon forests and ending at the southernmost point of the mainland with hardwood evergreen forests and shrubs. Also, hardwood evergreen forests and shrubs are located on the south-western point of the mainland Cape Naturalists. Mixed forests typical of temperate climate prevail on the flat territory of Tasmania Island.
There are few water sources on the mainland, including the two rivers Murray and Darling, which are located in the south-eastern part of the island, large lakes and groups of lakes in the south-east, south-west and central part of the island.
Despite the fact that there are few terrestrial sources of freshwater, Australia has developed underground sources of fresh and mineral water. Some of these shallow springs break out under high pressure and form mineral springs.
Plants in Australia
Australia's plant world has maintained its primeval character and diversity. Here, as in Noah's Ark, rare species and varieties of eucalyptus, fern, acacia, juniper, pine, and spruce have been preserved and preserved. In the deep canyons, where people do not tend to reach, grow and develop plants that have disappeared from the face of the Earth, along with dinosaurs.
Here you can find Wollemian Pine, which grew on the ground more than 65 million years ago. This pine has a "living" trunk, covered with millions of buds, from which leaves and branches are ready to grow. The pine crown resembles palm trees.
Eucalyptus grove will be an unusual sight for a European. Trees reach a height of 133 meters. Walks in such groves are good for health. Eucalyptus essential oils, which purify and enrich the air, are released in hot weather.
On the territory of the island of Tasmania, where nature develops in a temperate climate, in the forests grows southern beech, which is found in the temperate climate of South America and Africa. In the mainland, plants and flowers are represented by 85% endemics, i.e. plants and flowers that can only grow in the conditions and climate of mainland Australia. However, some of the plant species found in Australia in Indonesia and China suggest that there used to be an overland passageway connecting these lands, which was then submerged.
To be continued in the next part...