Weather conditions and climate in India
The weather conditions in India are largely due to the subequatorial monsoon climate. In this country there are 3 seasons:
- Winter (October to February);
- Summer (from March to June);
- Autumn falls on the period from July to September.
Some researchers identify only 2 weather seasons in India: monsoon and postmonsoon. According to this approach, the monsoon dominates the country from January to September and is then replaced by a post-Musson, which lasts from October to December.
Depending on the region, the seasons in India may vary. India's weather is also characterized by its variability: winter or summer can come a month earlier or a month later in different years.
India's climatic conditions are determined by its geographical location: the mountains in the north and the Tar Desert in the northwest. Variability of climate on the territory of the country is explained by the peculiarities of the relief, proximity or remoteness from the ocean and large water bodies.
Nature features of India
The nature of India is striking in its diversity. There are both mountains with majestic peaks and vast plains. The golden sand of the desert is replaced by humid rainforests. The peculiarities of India's nature are conditioned by its geographical location: depending on the proximity of the ocean or mountains the nature changes.
In the mountains and near the mountain system the climate is humid, there is a lot of rainfall.
Relief of India
India is a country that combines different forms of relief. The main forms of relief in this region are mountains, plateaus, deserts, and plains,
Plains prevail in the southern part of the country. This part of the region is rich in water resources. In summer, full-flowing rivers often sink valleys. I grow corn, rice, cotton and other crops in the plains.
In the northern part of India, there are Himalayan mountains, the tops of which cover glacial layers and snow. These mountains are the highest in the world: there are 10 out of 14 world mountain peaks, the height of which is more than 8000 meters. Most of the Himalayas are located on the Hindustan peninsula, but part of the mountain system is located in India - Karakorum.
On the eastern side, the mountain slopes are covered with forests. There are also tea and coffee plantations here.
The western part of the country is dominated by deserts. The climate here is tropical.
In the eastern part of the country, there are tropical forests.
Soils of India
India's diverse terrain also explains the diversity of soils in the region. The main types of soils are:
- Alluvial soils. This species dominates the plains in the northern part of the country. It is one of the most fertile soils. Crop production is based on this type of soil.
- Lateritic soils. These soils are typical for the southern parts of the Western and Eastern Ghats mountain ranges. India has frequent heavy rains. Tea, nuts, coffee, coconut, and rubber grow on this type of soil.
- Black soils. The color of this type of soil is due to the presence of large amounts of clay in it. This soil retains moisture well. This type of soil is ideal for growing tobacco, cotton and corn.
- Red soils. These are soils with a high content of sand and iron. This type of soil is typical for the southern regions of Karnataka and parts of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh. Potatoes, tobacco, rice, wheat, peanuts, millet and sugar cane grow well in this soil.
- Desert soils. This type of soil is found in Rajasthan, Kharyan, Gujarat, and Punjab. Barley, millet and other enduring crops grow on desert soils.
- Mountain soils. This type of soil is typical for the Himalayan region. The humus content in this soil is high. In order to make mountainous soils suitable for agricultural use, they are carefully fertilized. Coffee, tea, fruits, and spices are grown on such soils.
Vegetation of India
Conventionally, the territory of India can be divided into 3 zones by predominant vegetation: temperate, tropical, mountainous.
In the temperate zone, there are long coniferous pine, Himalayan cedar, fir, spruce, and oak.
The tropical zone is characterized by high humidity. This creates optimal conditions for the growth of valuable tree crops: salty and jade trees, teak and bamboo. Bananas, lemons, and oranges grow in shady areas of wet gorges.
Not far from the Western Gat and the Tar desert there are impassable acacia thickets. There are also more than 20 varieties of palm trees in the country. The most common of them is coconut.
Shrubs and subtropical forests with evergreen oaks and chestnuts, whose trunks are wrapped in vines, prevail in the foothills and mountainous areas. Sometimes birch trees, rhododendron and pine trees can be found here.
The northern part of the mountain slopes is practically devoid of vegetation. There are single, stunted shrubs here.
Wild sugar cane is a common culture in India. You can also see here the acacia bushes, various kinds of cacti, sandalwood and Indian ficus. Occasionally, the undergrowths are diluted with palm or bamboo groves. In addition, India has unique plants that are not found anywhere else in the world.
To be continued in the next part...