The connotation of cognition
1. "Cognition", in the Western language, is "cognition". It was first recognized as a legal term for the father-son relationship and later used in the fields of philosophy and psychology. In psychology, “cognition” refers to the process of understanding activities and the process of acquiring knowledge.
In the Oxford Internet Dictionary, cognition has many definitions. For example, in philosophy, “cognition” in the broadest sense refers to the behavior or ability of cognition, including feelings, perceptions, concepts, etc., and can also refer to knowledge, The result of similar behavior such as consciousness or feeling, perception, attention or high intuition. Among them, it also points out that there is a difference between cognition and feeling and will.
Specifically, cognition in psychology can be understood as the process of acquiring knowledge through the formation of psychological activities such as concept, perception, judgment or imagination, that is, the psychological function of individuals in information processing. In the perspective of development and educational psychology, the concept of cognitive development is regarded as one of the important contents of the theory of human development.
The development of cognition plays an important role in the development of human or human beings. Without the development of cognitive activities or the development of cognitive abilities, human beings cannot feel, feel, understand, think and remember the world, etc. There is no such thing as self-development, and the inheritance of human culture and civilization is not discussed.
Therefore, the cultivation and development of cognitive ability have always been a key issue in the fields of education and psychology. In developmental psychology, cognitive development mainly refers to age-related changes in psychological activities such as attention, understanding, learning, thinking, and memory. Feeling, perception, and learning is the basis of early cognition.
2. The "attachment" transformation of cognitive view
“Cognition” is the core theme in cognitive psychology or cognitive science, and cognitive psychology is also the mainstream of Western psychology since the 1960s. However, traditional cognitive psychology advocates the dualistic tradition of separation of mind and body. It is believed that in the process of cognition, mind, and body do not play a synchronous role, and their status is not equal or even opposite.
Under the dualistic opposition of Western traditional culture, the body is in a degraded position in the process of seeking knowledge. This situation is typical in Plato's "Fido" article - "The body gives us love, desire, The result of fears and other unreal things, the result is that we almost never have the opportunity to think about things... The fact is that as long as we are alive, we must avoid contact and contact with the body as much as possible, unless necessary In this way, we can continue to approach knowledge to the greatest extent possible."
In modern times, it is typical to reflect the idea of cognitive separation of mind and body. It is the mental-computer metaphor after the rise of computer science. The metaphor regards the mind as a computational mechanical device, namely the cognitive process and the symbol of the computer. The processing is similar, it is a kind of information processing in the brain, and the cognition is obtained by "calculation".
With the development of cognitive research, the change of post-cognitivism leads us to a new orientation of cognitive psychology--intuitive cognition. In Western academic circles The concepts of "design cognition", "designed mind", and "information" have received widespread attention since the 1980s, and China is only in recent years.
Only a lot of researchers began to pay attention to it and introduce it. The introduction of embodied cognitive theory overcomes or improves the ecological defects of traditional cognitivism, because the cognitive theory of the body highlights the influence of the real-time environment of the body or subject on the cognitive activities of the subject, and believes that the cognitive subject is The environment is also part of the cognitive system, [4] and not just the object of cognition.
"Body" is an important part of the body's cognitive theory. The cognitive theory advocates that the "body" of the cognitive subject has an influence on the subject's cognitive activities, but what effect does it have? How does the body's impact on cognition occur? If there is no explanation for such problems, then the "body" becomes a "black box" for cognitive activities, which is ambiguous.
Some scholars have proposed to summarize the four aspects of the body's impact on cognitive activities, one of which points out that physical characteristics-related activities (such as gestures) play a role in cognitive activities.