It is known that the black hole is a mysterious and mysterious area of space in the Universe, representing a collapsing star with a huge gravitational attraction. Scientists are trying to predict what happens in the black hole.
The result of theoretical research
Theoretical research confirms that inside the black hole the gravitational forces compress the dying star with a force directly proportional to its mass. Thus, it can be assumed that the most massive group of stars (8.0-100 MQ) will suffer the most from gravity. MQ is the mass of the Sun 2 x 1027.
Indeed, light infrared dwarfs have a diameter of about a hundred thousand kilometers, white dwarfs reach a diameter of about ten thousand km, neutron stars - from 20 to 30 km, and the diameter of black holes, that is, the remnants of supermassive stars, is only a few kilometers.
However, for the sake of accuracy, it should be noted that these few kilometers are not only the diameter of a small and at the same time incredibly dense remnant of the star, whose mass exceeded 8 MQ. This is the diameter of the so-called Schwarzschild sphere, in the heart of which is a mysterious, negligibly small and incredibly dense residue of a star or a supermassive black hole.
The Schwarzschild sphere represents a radius of a body surface separating spaces of a black hole and the Universe. Described by the German astronomer and physicist Karl Schwarzschild.
Space and time around of sphere as a result of improbably strong gravity are so curved and closed that from there can not slip out any particle and any photon. This space is completely separated from the rest of the universe.
The core of the star before collapse reaches about 3.5 billion Kelvin by the end of its evolution. It contains iron and other elements. The iron furnace in the nucleus of the star has completed its thermonuclear evolution and no thermonuclear reaction is capable of extracting any energy from the iron and the elements close to it. The star is completely subject to the gravitational force, which is huge above all in the heated core.
Particle emissions
There's a lot of different processes going on in a hot core. For further development, the most important processes are those at which powerful flows of the main elementary particles neutrino and antineutrino are released. Examples include the materialization of gamma-ray quanta or annihilation.
There is a huge amount of energetic gamma-photons in the depths of the star at a temperature of 3.5 billion Kelvins. They can transfer their energy directly to neutrinos, or they can first materialize in a pair of electron-positrons, and the pair will transfer its energy to neutrinos and anytime neutrinos. There are also other ways of transforming energy into neutrinos at high temperatures.
But the most important thing is undoubtedly the ability of neutrinos and antineutrinos to easily pass even through the thick layers of the shell surrounding the nucleus. The energy in the nucleus takes the form of neutrinos and thus freely flows into the surrounding space, which is why people can "see" what happens in the black hole. It would take thousands of years for photons to make this journey.
Thus, the nucleus quickly cools down, as powerful streams of neutrinos and antineutrinos carry away heat. Nothing prevents the gravitational forces from pushing the star's core into the Schwarzschild sphere. Following the core, the layers of the shell of a giant or supergiant fall into the Schwarzschild sphere.
What happens in a black hole: nothing remains to photograph even the most sensitive equipment. It just remains an invisible black hole but emits sterile neutrinos.
In the heart of the Schwarzschild sphere are the incredibly dense remnants of the red giant or supergiant, and nobody knows what happened to the elementary particles that the giant consisted of. Scientists only know that there is a gravitational force in them, which is able to influence the radius of several light-years.
Like a giant invisible spider, the remains of the giant are drawn into the sphere of interstellar gas, dust, comets ... Everything falls into it as in a large hole.
This is an unusual hole: it will never fill, because the more it gets into it, the more it becomes.
What happens to the sun in the hole
Our Sun would form the Schwarzschild sphere with a radius of about 3 km. This means that if we could place our celestial luminaire with a radius of 696 million km in a ball with a radius of 1 or 2 km, the imaginary ball with a radius of 3 km will represent the sphere of Schwarzschild. Since no photon can escape from it as a result of strong gravity, we would never know that the Sun is squeezed.
Photons cannot leave the Schwarzschild sphere, but they penetrate it without difficulty.
It means that the rays that hit the sphere are completely absorbed by it. This property, however, is inherent in all black bodies. For these two reasons, the remains of supermassive stars are called black holes.
These celestial bodies are endowed with a strange fate: there is no trace of stellar giants, which could be seen even in the most distant galaxies, after the collapse of the trace. The most dramatic processes in the Universe - the disappearance of supergiants of stars is quite invisible and the light of the universe changes.
The star supergiant completely disappears from the visible universe - that's what happens in a black hole.