Even in ancient times, people thought about how to protect themselves from various disasters that could be dangerous not only for an individual person, but for civilization as a whole. That is why many residents left their homes, went into caves, tunnels and built their life there. Many of these underground cities have survived to this day, and researchers are particularly interested in them.
Such cities are located in many countries, but one of the most interesting cities was found in Turkey, in Cappadocia. The bulk of these cities are structures of 5-6 floors. There are 20-story buildings, the passage of which is difficult due to landslides, and they have not yet been studied. In general, all underground cities are similar to each other. Most of them are many rooms, interconnected by long corridors and tunnels. They are equipped with ventilation shafts and chimneys, which still perform their functions perfectly. There were also rooms for rest and cooking, for storage and for various rituals. The communication between the floors was through small holes in the walls, there were toilets and even cemeteries.
Another characteristic feature of underground cities is the entrance to it, which was equipped with a round stone door. Its weight reached about 300 kilograms, and a diameter of 1.5 meters. In order to close the door, a rod was used, which was fixed in a certain way so that no one could enter the tunnel. A hole was made in the center of the door through which ancient people watched the actions of their enemies.
Underground cities were illuminated with lamps, which used linseed oil. The heat emanating from them also served as a means for heating underground rooms. In most cases, such dwellings had a secret exit besides the main one, which everyone knew about. In addition, in such cities it was often possible to meet "false" tunnels that led a person to a cliff.
The exact time of the creation of underground cities, scientists still can not say, but there are several fairly true assumptions. One such version is that representatives of another religion found refuge in underground cities during the heyday of Christianity. Christians also hid in them during times of oppression by Arab troops, but they were not the creators. The inscriptions and objects found during the research gave reason to believe that the cities were created by the Hittites - the people engaged in metal craft. They walked in the rocks, breaking stones with chisels, thus paving their way. From some sources it is known that this people lived in Turkey from 1800 BC. 1300 g to. AD
To build underground cities, it was necessary to raise a huge number of cubic meters of rock to the surface of the earth, the volume of which exceeded several times the volume of construction of the Egyptian pyramids. It is hard to imagine how much work it was worth. Even using modern technology to build such a number of underground structures is almost impossible. How did the ancient people manage to do this, who, at the supposed moment of the appearance of underground cities, only knew how to build plain huts and use stone tools? Who could use these grand tunnels, and for what purpose?
In search of answers to these questions, scientists found more and more underground structures. One of the same findings was the tunnel in Ecuador, the study of which gave scientists the opportunity to believe that all the objects located on its territory belong to the pre-Christian era.
Most of all the scientists were surprised that the walls of the tunnel housed drawings of not only extinct animals, but also those that exist in our time. The length of this tunnel is several hundred kilometers and a depth of 240 meters. In one of the rooms discovered, scientists found chairs made of material similar to the touch with plastic. In another room, they were waiting for a real discovery in the form of a library, where books were stored in gold covers. The information on the pages of these books is still incomprehensible, there are many different symbols and drawings describing some events of those times.
Regarding the time and history of the construction of underground cities, scientists disagree, but the fact that the ancient inhabitants used them for a long finding, they are unanimous. In the course of research, it was found that people not only took refuge there, but also raised livestock and made stocks in the cellars. Indicates a long stay underground and branched structure of structures.
But why did the inhabitants of the dungeon deliberately deprive themselves of sunlight and spend years underground, whom or what were they afraid of? There was a world of its own, not like the one that existed on the surface of the earth. Someone puts forward the version that dwarfs or gnomes could be inhabitants of underground cities, since the height of the tunnels and corridors is not intended for a person above 150 cm.This version is closest to the truth, a dwarf race at that time could well exist.
The scale and quality of the construction of underground cities amazes modern builders; it is hard to imagine that this could be done by people with primitive knowledge. The builders of underground cities possessed unique knowledge that modern residents may not even possess today. It is believed that the climate of those times was so severe that earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other natural disasters were so frequent that they forced ancient people to spend most of their life underground, building entire cities.
Whether this is true, it is still necessary to study and recheck in order to draw final conclusions about the time of construction and the purpose of underground structures. One thing is clear that the evidence of human life found in underground structures is a real discovery in the archeology of this century.