A popular area of aggregate landscape studies is the study of the recreational potential of natural components, directions and problems of its use now and in the future on the basis of regional geoportals, which have a complex of wide access to spatial data from Earth remote sensing satellites.
There are spaces in the various areas under study that cannot be categorized, but their importance and potential are equally important. Unfortunately, such territories are not used to a sufficient extent and are not regulated by the legislation. These include such areas as wastelands, former industrial areas, ravine slopes and spontaneous vegetation. These areas are often overgrown with low-value vegetation or simply littered. Another aspect of this problem is the way of storing such information. In order to make appropriate corrections to the previously obtained information on the condition of green areas, it is reasonable to use geoinformation systems (GIS) in order to keep track of them.
Such an approach will allow to control and timely take appropriate measures to protect the green areas and to carry out restoration of spaces that have lost their functionality.
Relevance of the topic of GIS-technologies is due to the special importance in landscape science, as geoinformation technologies are used to study the natural and economic potential of natural components of different regions.
GIS-technologies play an important role in the study of landscape complexes of different territories in the context of their application for different purposes. These information technologies can be used for the systematic study of resources and resource use, conflict identification, environmental impact assessment, and modeling of spatial development results.
Geoinformation system (GIS) - is an information system that ensures the collection, storage, processing, access, as well as reflection and dissemination of spatial data.
Geoinformation systems consist of technology for organizing, storing, presenting and analyzing spatial data using a computer.
GIS enables the integration of information on the problem under study, as well as various analytical studies, and serves as a source for making the most informed decisions.
Creation of GIS consists of the following stages: creation (development) of a digital database of spatial data, unification of the database, representation of all types of geographically referenced information, implementation of spatial assessment, creation of digital reports, construction of applications for a particular user, preparation of an accompanying description of functions and capabilities.
Research of landscapes by means of geoinformation systems or GIS-technologies allows to solve a complex of various scientific and applied problems.
To date, the creation of modern landscape and other maps of various functional purposes is not possible without the use of GIS-technologies. One of the advantages of these information technologies is that they contribute to the accumulation of huge amounts of data of different landscape content. At the same time, these data sets are not only divided according to the classification, but also have spatial data, which are mutually related to each other. This structure of the database contributes to the formation of cartographic products in the time dynamics of certain types of dynamics and functioning of the natural and territorial complex.
The use of GIS-technologies in the study of the natural environment is of particular importance in the development of a reasonable distribution of natural components in the geosystem.
Geoinformation systems combine traditional information operations with various databases, such as query and evaluation of statistical data, with the advantages of a complete image and spatial and temporal analysis of geographical processes.
These features distinguish GIS from other information systems and provide unique opportunities for their application in a wide range of tasks related to the assessment and prediction of environmental events. It is also related to the consciousness and formation of the main factors and causes and their possible results, as well as to the planning of long-term solutions and the current consequences of actions taken.
The essence of GIS is that it contributes directly to the collection of spatial data and on their basis to organize databases, enter them into the system, as well as store, process, process and produce at the request of the user in cartographic form, as well as in the form of tables, graphs, texts.
The role of GIS in the study of natural complexes undoubtedly occupies important positions. GIS is used with great success to create maps of the main types of environment. In the future, when obtaining spatial data from the studied areas, these maps are used to identify the scale and rate of development or degradation of landscapes. When remote and field observations are entered, they can be used to observe local and large-scale anthropogenic impacts on the landscape. GIS also greatly simplifies the procedure of publishing any type of cartographic maps.
Advantages of using geoinformation systems are huge, but it is necessary to highlight the main ones, which allow using GIS in the study of the landscape. Geographic information systems help to store the entire set of documentation, diagrams, plans in electronic form in a single coordinate system and display system, as well as all the related information about all the studied objects. GIS is a part of the unified information system of the territory (district, city, region), this system provides forecasts about territorial and spatial development of the territory and allows to make necessary decisions on the basis of collected data analysis, as well as provides access to the entire cartographic material.
An important factor of this system is its efficiency, reliability and spatial accuracy of data coming from geoinformation systems. Application of these materials allows collecting objective and timely information on the use of the territory under study, as well as the ability to conduct remote monitoring of events and expert assessment of the territory.
One can also note the most important advantages of GIS in the study of natural complexes - visualization of various cartographic objects, cartometry, obtaining the necessary information about the object from a single source, creation of thematic maps and plans.
Thus, the use of geoinformation systems (GIS) in the study of landscape complexes is currently the most popular technology, which allows to simplify the process of mapping by quickly updating information and making timely changes to data.