Modern civilization has many advantages, but there are also disadvantages. The main disadvantage is the lack of mineral substances in foodstuffs. The human body needs constant replenishment of its composition with mineral elements. Oceanic algae in the atomic sense represent a valuable source of mineral elements.
The composition of seawater is very complex, it contains about 3.5% of dissolved inorganic substances. Algae growing in seawater turn these inorganic compounds into organic form.
The ocean, located at the lowest level of the earth's surface, serves as a reservoir in which all the chemicals that get there under the influence of various natural forces accumulate. Free substances are transported either directly and quickly, or indirectly, gradually reaching the sea. Various particles are transported by wind, water flow, and glaciers. Other substances dissolved in water are carried away to the sea, where they are trapped and can be obtained from there. The ocean, which contains countless quantities of chemicals, seems to be a giant compared to the natural resources of the earth's surface.
Probably future generations will be able to learn all the inexhaustibility of the ocean's riches and benefit from the full range of chemicals it contains.
The surface area of the earth is 196,950,277 square miles. 70.73% of this area, or 139,295,000 square miles, is occupied by the ocean. The average depth of the ocean is 2.38 miles, with the greatest depth found at 6.7 miles in the Philippines depression near Mindanao Island. More than 4/5 of the ocean floor is covered by water at more than a mile depth; 2/3 of it is covered by water at 2.2 miles depth.
The composition of the first primitive seas is unknown. However, we know that under the influence of various natural forces the oceans have for centuries received chemicals from outer space, from the interior of the earth, and also from the earth's surface. Meteorites or cosmic specks of dust had a chance to get into the ocean in seven out of ten cases when they hit the ground. Numerous stone meteorites, along with iron and nickel meteorites, were found at the bottom of the seas. Many volcanic rocks were released into the ocean either directly or as dust from the upper atmosphere, carried by the wind and then discharged into the ocean with precipitation. From the interior of the globe, various substances come from the water current when cracks form. Glaciers grind rocks, carrying debris, rocks and then, if they reach the shore, all of this is carried out with icebergs into the ocean. When the icebergs melt, the minerals find themselves in the ocean.
Probably the greatest contribution to the richness of the ocean is made by water, in terms of the amount of substances delivered into it. It is estimated that on average, a layer of water about 82 meters thick evaporates from the entire surface of the ocean every year. The resulting steam rises into the air, is carried by the wind and falls as precipitation again. Assuming that 29.27% of these waterfalls to the ground, 22 inches of precipitation should fall on the entire globe. This water washes away and carries away soil in the form of dirt and sediment into the streams, tributaries into the rivers back into the ocean. Part of this water seeps into the ground to a certain depth, dissolving various substances and carrying them back to streams, geysers, artesian wells, returning with dissolved and suspended substances to the sea, then to the ocean, and the whole process described above is repeated. Soluble substances are removed from the surface of the earth most quickly and in greater quantities.
The whole process (which constantly increases the depletion of the earth's surface and the enrichment of the sea). The most soluble compounds are nitrates, halide (halogen) compounds - chlorides, iodides, bromides, as well as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and other less soluble substances, such as silica or sand and clay, or alumina, are the last to be removed. These are the less soluble substances that currently make up the largest mass of the soil layer.
Different natural forces contribute to the process of washing out and (mineral transfer). Different substances are carried away in huge quantities to the sea; all minerals are soluble to some extent; some of them dissolve more slowly; silica or sand, alumina, phosphates, and similar substances are carried away in small quantities, but during the geological period of time their loss from the earth's surface reaches a huge figure.
Factors causing erosion - wind, frost, temperature changes, and solar insolation - contribute to the transport of substances from soil to sea. Mountains and hills are slowly eroding, valleys are being smoothed out, and substances resulting from decay, decay and destruction are being dissolved and washed away into the sea.