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The article is subjective and expresses the personal opinion of the author.
Every year, quite a significant percentage of budget places in universities of the country is given to the so-called “target people”. For example, in 2017, more than 90,000 applicants became students of budget departments of higher educational institutions on the basis of an agreement on targeted training. This is almost 15 times more than the winners of olympiads who entered the budget places in the same year. And by the way, the average score of the Unified State Examination of the “trustees” amounted to only 64.4 points in 2017.
“Olympiad”, as we know, are now obliged to confirm their victory in the subject Olympiad with 75 USE points in specialized subjects. To become a winner or winner of the Olympiad, you need to know the subject perfectly. For the "target", the main task is to collect the necessary package of documents in time. This state of affairs does not suit many people, but the loophole to the university for “graduate students” (that is how many relate to targeted training) is still open.
Public pressure forces us to periodically publicly criticize this practice at the highest level. For example, two years ago, Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev sharply spoke about targeted training. He called this system “profanity” and expressed dissatisfaction with some aspects: “It turns out that employment is not supposed at all or you can work at least one day. As a result, budget money was spent, and one or another state structure - a school or a hospital - did not wait for a young specialist. ”
The main problem of targeted training is the ability to completely avoid work at the end of training (incidentally, at the expense of the state)
And this duty, on the one hand, is enshrined in the agreement on targeted training, and on the other, in fact it is not mandatory, since there are no direct levers of influence or punishment of the so-called “deviators”.
What will change from January 1, 2019
O miracle, two years after the above-mentioned conference call of Dmitry Medvedev with the cabinet of ministers, our State Duma finally adopted a legal document that is designed to fundamentally change the situation. We are talking about the Federal Law of August 3, 2018 No. 337-ФЗ “On Amending Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in Part of Improving Targeted Education”.
Let's walk along the main points of this law.
1. The phrase "target technique" will no longer be used. Indeed, the phrase “target learning” is everywhere replaced by “target learning”. Already this fact says a lot: now the emphasis is not on the fact of the applicant’s admission to the university, but on the entire period of his training in the target set.
2. From now on, not only a legal entity, but also an individual entrepreneur can act as target customers for training. Article 56 of the new law says: “A citizen enrolling in the educational program of secondary vocational or higher education or studying in the appropriate educational program has the right to conclude a special education agreement with the federal state body, state authority of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, local government, legal person or individual entrepreneur. "
3. The customer will be required to fix in the contract his obligations to the student. The customer under the new law will have to take on the following obligations enshrined in the contract for targeted training:
- student financial support and housing;
- stimulation of his educational achievements;
- payment for additional training (if necessary);
- the student’s employment no later than the term established by the target training agreement, indicating the place of employment in accordance with the qualifications received.
Penalties. If the customer does not organize the employment for his graduate specified in the contract, then he will be obliged to pay him three average monthly salaries in the corresponding subject of the Russian Federation, in the territory of which he was to be employed in accordance with the target training agreement.
4. The student also incurs very specific obligations and is informed about the penalties in case of non-fulfillment. A student under a special education contract is now required to:
- study well, that is, he undertakes to successfully complete the educational program (the customer can even write in the contract if he wishes what specific educational success he expects from the student);
- to work for at least three years where the customer indicates in accordance with the qualifications received.
Penalties. In the case of non-compliance with their duties - successful studies throughout the term and working out for three years after graduation - the student (graduate) will be obliged to compensate the customer for all his expenses for targeted training. I dropped out of school - pay, do not want to work for three years - pay again.
5. The number of budget places for "target" will be regulated under special quotas. Since 2019, the state plans to regulate the number of so-called “target men” who enter the budget places in universities with special quotas. These quotas will be calculated in accordance with the needs of the country's economy in one or another area of specialist training. Let me remind you that until 2019, the number of “target” each year should not exceed 15% of the total number of budget places allocated. How it will look already in 2019, we will be able to observe literally in six months. Wait and see.
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