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If in the 1960s physicists could obtain positrons, antiprotons and antineutrons, it would seem that from here one step to the synthesis of antimatter, such as antihydrogen. However, great difficulties stand in this way.
To create atoms and molecules of antimatter, it is not enough to get their constituent bricks — antiparticles. These antiparticles need to be slowed down. But, most importantly, antimatter must be stored in the world, which consists of matter. Antiparticles can't just be put in a box: they annihilate with the walls of the box. If we want to preserve antiparticles, we must store them in a vacuum and in a " vessel without walls." For charged particles, a strong inhomogeneous magnetic field can be used as such a vessel. The task of holding neutral particles is much more complicated, but over time it has also been solved with the help of a magnetic field. Antihydrogen is currently held in penning's magnetic traps for nearly 20 minutes.
The synthesis of antimatter is logical to start with the synthesis of anti-nuclei. To date, however, little progress has been made in this direction. Synthesized only entirely-3, which consists of two antiprotons and one antineutron, and antigay-4, which is composed of two of the antiproton and two antineutrons. (Note that antigelium-3 was synthesized at the Moscow Institute of high energy physics at the u-70 accelerator, which is currently the highest-energy particle accelerator in Russia.)
Even less progress has been made in the synthesis of anti-atoms. Currently, only antihydrogen atoms have been synthesized. Single antihydrogen atoms were synthesized at the European centre for particle physics (CERN) only in 1995. The real breakthrough came in 2002, when about 50 million atoms of antihydrogen were synthesized. Since then, CERN has been a world leader in the study of the physical and chemical properties of antimatter.
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