According to the main target and content criterion, five types of pedagogical phenomena are distinguished - upbringing, education, training, development and self-improvement (self-education, self-education, self-education, self-development) of people. In scientific publications there are many discrepancies both in the definition of the essential, qualitative originality of the first four of them, and in their relationship. It seems that the initial reason is the historical diversity of their scientific isolation and introduction into the categorical-conceptual apparatus of pedagogy, as well as the need to understand them today in the real integrity of pedagogical reality. Everything took shape at different times, one layered on top of the other, partially overlapped, included, supplemented, detached. There was no initially systematic approach, which would have seen the whole and its constituent parts, their interaction with each other. Now, in the days of systemic and holistic thinking, it is necessary to clarify both their specificity, differences from each other, and the relationship in a holistic pedagogical reality.
Upbringing is a pedagogical phenomenon, characterized by a focus on the main thing in a person's socialization - helping him in gaining good manners, socially civilized life and behavioral orientation, comprehending the meaning of life, in striving for a civilized, full self-realization and individual self-expression in it, in self-improvement, self-affirmation and self - implementation as a full-fledged person, as a citizen of society and a bearer of social values: spiritual, ideological, moral, patriotic, humane, democratic, legal, cultural, aesthetic, labor, etc. When educating groups and collectives, this pedagogical phenomenon is aimed at helping to transform them into a socially full-fledged cell of society.
Education is achieved by preparing people for a civilized life in society, in the system of social relations of society, people, helping them to manifest civicism, love for the Motherland, people, nature, family, culture, hard work, humanism, respect for the law, rights and freedoms, people , striving for civilized satisfaction of their needs. The upbringing of a group is mainly associated with the creation of conditions in it for the upbringing and self-upbringing of a person, as well as itself as a social unit of society. The result of upbringing is the upbringing of a particular person and community. You can read more about education in more detail.
Education - in its qualitatively specific expression and, in contrast to upbringing, training and development, is the enrichment of a person with a system of fundamental (scientific, deep, interrelated, systematized, heterogeneous, extensive) knowledge and corresponding skills, habits, qualities and abilities that correspond to the modern level of human civilization ... In this form, it is fundamental education, carried out at a high scientific level, ensuring the highest level of his training. However, education as a detailed and hierarchically organized pedagogical system is not limited to solving only this problem and is called upon to fulfill a broader pedagogical function - personality-forming. Therefore, it is intended for a comprehensive solution of the problems of education in unity with the upbringing, development and training of students in educational institutions. In addition, the scientific picture of the world is not a cold, dispassionate "photograph" of it in the mind of a person. This is the attitude of a person, his enlightened, reasonable attitude to what is happening around him, the ability, habit (possibly a need) for independent and balanced judgments and decisions, a developed intellect, the ability (and perhaps a need) for creativity, creation, continuous self-improvement, an incentive to the choice of a certain way of life, its plans, a regulator of actions, etc. In other words, in education, the tasks of fundamental education are comprehensively solved with the upbringing and development of a person, his formation as a person. In this form, education is a pedagogical phenomenon in an educational institution and society, with the goal of combining education (enriching a person with fundamental knowledge) with the formation of a personality, education, training and development of it. Human education is the result of just such an education.
Training is the purposeful formation of a person's knowledge, skills and abilities on certain issues of life, labor, academic subjects, their complexes, spheres of the world and life, types of activity and behavior. Its result is the appropriate training of a person, a group of people, an integral part of enlightenment. The special function of teaching is the pedagogical contribution to a person, a group, i.e. it is forcefully instrumental.