The world took a big leap forward when emails were replaced by chats and emoticons. But that was also ten years ago. The world is hungry for new things. While everything around you began to change, the Internet itself has grown. It all started with the raw skeletons of the sites, built using basic HTML. Websites have become smart and interactive. Only time can tell how smart the internet will be in the Web 3.0 era on the blockchain stack. So, let's begin.
Chapter 1: Web 3.0 IT Stack: The Internet of the Future:
Web 3.0 The IT stack is not fully developed yet. But active actions are about to begin. So what is Web 3.0? Whereas Web 1.0 and 2.0 were on centralized servers, the Web 3.0 blockchain stack has a more user-centric decentralized network. A transparent and secure internet that makes everything more humane.
There are five main important features of the Web 3.0 blockchain stack. I think this will help you understand the whole concept better.
- An Internet of Everything
These days we often use the term to define a device that can connect and use the Internet - smart. We are now surrounded by these smart devices. Are you wondering - how so? Take a moment and look around. There are smart fridges, people use home assistants like Alexa and Google Assistant, your smartphones and tabs. All of these things can connect to the internet. They form a network of devices. They are collectively referred to as the Internet of Things (IoT). The Internet of Things is one of the most distinctive characteristics of Web 3.0. Sometimes people call this phenomenon “omnipresence”.
The goal is to connect everyone and everything to the Internet. Not all devices can connect now. We do not have such an infrastructure now. But soon enough, it will.
- User-Centric
The Web 3.0 blockchain application stack is designed to be more user-centric. It aims to be the perfect P2P network where you can be freer and knowledge will not be controlled by any entity. Since there will be no centralized servers, all data will be shared between devices and people will be able to access it without any control.
Semantic metadata will help users connect easily. People are creating more content now than ever. Personal blogs are very popular. People don't need to rely on media and corporate content creators. Now they just follow others. Thus, a world is being created in which people will be more humane and the Internet more user-oriented.
- Artificial Intelligence
Mostly AI will work to provide better analysis and results for humans. In fact, tech giants are already working on their AI. Take a closer look at YouTube, when you listen to country rock music for a while, you will notice suggestions for other country rock or melodic rock songs. AI is just trying to figure out your taste and suggesting the best option that you might like. It analyzes your behavior.
Moreover, you will notice that Facebook ads change immediately after you search for a specific product on Google. Everything is interconnected. Thus, instead of using mass marketing methods, the future marketing strategy will be people-based.
- Semantic Web
The blockchain technology stack brings forward a topic called the semantic web. The Semantic Web simply means a method of understanding web content as human behavior. This has to do with machine learning and artificial intelligence. The Semantic Web basically tries to teach the computer to understand data and its behavior.
While Web 2.0 relies on keywords, page authority, and domain authority to rank content, the Web 3.0 browser tries to understand web content like a person.
- 3D Graphics and Future of Contents
There is no doubt that web content has become more graphical these days. People love watching and sharing videos and images more than just plain text. In the near future, augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) will become commonplace. Various applications and games will have more realistic graphics and the user will become a key element in such systems.
Plus, 3D printing isn't limited to laboratory use. People will use 3D printing more, and it will become more affordable and cheaper.
How will the Web 3.0 IT stack work?
The larger the change, the longer it takes society to adjust to it. Undoubtedly, the Web 3.0 IT stack is complex, and it will take both time and development effort for ordinary people. Web 2.0 is really user-friendly and people are comfortable using it.
Experts nonetheless say people will happily embrace this technology as humankind has been supporting the technology more and more over the past two decades. We will have to use dApp browsers to use the new apps. These applications will sooner or later replace old technologies.
These are just a couple of examples from Web 3.0. These applications must fight against market leaders who rule the market in a monopoly manner. Naturally, these apps will have better and more advanced features than the previous ones. Only time can tell if they are good enough.
However, Web 2.0 will not disappear completely. For example, email hasn't disappeared since the advent of smarter communication platforms. They just couldn't win the battle with the best technology.
- Fundamental differences between web platforms
Web 1.0 had a rough start. People did not accept the internet because it was expensive and devices were rare. Nowadays, almost everyone has a mobile phone with an internet connection. Back then, devices with an Internet connection were rare. Experts often refer to this as the read-only era. Most of the content was curated by professionals, and people just read the data.
Search engines have focused on domain names to judge the relevance of search results. Napster and BitTorrent were used to exchange P2P files. The web was neither social nor semantic. We could just call it the Internet. The websites only had hyperlinks and bookmarking functionality, and they were all static. You can only view the content without any feedback or comments. There was no communication between the user and the servers.
Web 2.0 has the ability to read and write web content. Static websites have been replaced by interactive dynamic websites. Blogs are more popular than ever. Wikipedia is an open library where you can find all knowledge. Instant messaging has become commonplace for users. Every traditional store has evolved into an online store to improve marketing and sales.
Chapter 2: Web 3.0 vs Web 2.0 vs Web 1.0:
- Web 1.0: the beginning of everything
You've all heard anecdotes about dial-up connections and how it took 200 years to download a 5MB file, right? At that time, people mainly used the Internet to maintain basic communication. Typically, you would only see Internet use in large corporate offices. 90s kids will understand what I mean ;-)
Yes, things were not so good then. But that was the beginning. This was the beginning of a new era of civilization. We would call it the Internet - Web 1.0.
Web 1.0 was unidirectional. Corporations and large companies created content for people to read. There was little or no interaction with the data stream. Everything was too boring, the content didn't talk about people. The sites had long monologues filled with only linear information.
Nobody thought that the number of users could cross millions. The basic plan was to put the information together and create a database that has everything.
Users could only read the data. Only content curators can edit and write content. So it was like reading books in the library. Users had no special right, they were just consumers.
Then plagiarism began. People started copying content from other users and just pasting it into their site. Unique content has become rare. This was the time when the Internet developed. Even universities - the highest level of education did not believe in the Internet. You would have to visit libraries for simple information.
There were no social networks either. Without a doubt, the Internet had a shaky start in the beginning. But everything has changed. The internet began to grow.
- Web 2.0: social revolution
End users have benefited from the advent of Web 2.0. Users can now write data and read it. People realized that an infrastructure that can only handle a million users has serious limitations. Web 2.0 can handle billions of users. Web 2.0 has Ajax and JavaScript frameworks. Blogs have replaced boring static web content.
Web 2.0 also introduced video streaming and online gaming, everything went online. Websites have become interactive and more lively. Online shopping has begun to rule the global economy. You could say that this is a real revolution. The introduction of web applications has opened the horizon for the future.
But what about the future? How will the Internet be in the future? There is only one answer to this question - the Web 3.0 technology blockchain stack.
- Web 3.0: The Internet of the Future
Web 3.0 features will sound like sci-fi movies. In addition to reading and writing, applications can execute a variety of data. The decentralized web introduces people to the possibilities of semantic search. In semantic search, the search result will be even more accurate and relevant.
The Web 3.0 IT stack is focused on peer-to-peer technology. Thus, it will eliminate the middleman. We shouldn't depend on giant data servers controlled by a private company. Our personal data will be even more secure and confidential. We will reduce the need for the word "average person" from the Internet world. Although Web 1.0 and Web 2.0 are referred to as “just the web” and “social network,” experts often refer to the Web3 IT stack as the “semantic web”.
He tries to combine knowledge in the true sense of the word. You can call this a wonderful link between knowledge and technology. Let's take a look at the Web 3.0 vs Web 2.0 vs Web 1.0 comparison table below to understand better.
Besides reading and writing, the Web 3.0 IT stack can execute files according to Burners-Lee. It has characteristics such as semantic search, personalized digital assistants. Moreover, it is a smart web application with the best functionality. It is the perfect combination of technology and knowledge. The Web 3.0 IT stack is focused on a peer-to-peer decentralized network that is disrupting centralized corporate companies.
Chapter 3: Redesigning the Internet:
What have we done in the past? After we got our own computer, we connected to other computers using Internet protocols.
Think back to the time when we saved data to a floppy disk. However, with the invention of the Internet, we started making data transactions faster than before.
After 30 years of revolution in the data structure of the Internet, we are still working on the client-server protocol. The architecture hasn't changed much, with an upgrade to the original.
However, with the revolution in the blockchain application stack, we can safely assume that we will see many changes in the web architecture.
- From centralized to decentralized
One of the biggest flaws of Web 2.0 and Web 1.0 is the client-server architecture. All of our personal data on the Internet is mostly stored on a computer with massive storage. There is no fugazy or fugazi! All data belongs to any private company. Thus, this scene poses a serious threat to our privacy.
This centralized system has caused a fuss over the past few years. For example, you might consider hacking Facebook data and hacking Apple i-Cloud. Too much confidential data has become public. Corporate giants control our lives in many ways.
On the other hand, a decentralized network is free from the threat of data breaches. No one has the right to control your personal data. There will be no centralized server. All data will be disseminated throughout the network. Your data can be stored in a refrigerator or toaster if they have Internet access. This is the true beauty of the Web 3.0 blockchain stack - a decentralized, secure and private network focused on humanity.
- Moving to data democracy
Peer-to-peer connection has been accurate since 1990, however, fame increased when we started using exchange programs such as Tor Browser or BitTorrent.
With the cryptocurrency revolution, blockchain is taking this infrastructure to a whole new level. We can now move on to decentralizing the data structure from our typical centralized system.
Web 3.0 changes the data infrastructure of the Internet. However, it is important to know that blockchain is not the only technology behind this, there are many other decentralized web stacks.
The main reason is that the blockchain application stack is not so ideal for storing large amounts of data, as it still has a scalability issue and is not really that private.
Chapter 4: General Infrastructure Change in the Web 3 IT Stack:
The Web 3.0 infrastructure is different from previous ones. The transition is huge and granular. But the process of moving from a client-server attribute to a decentralized network will not be radical.
It is still in its maturing phase. Thus, the transition had to first create an electronic partially decentralized network, and then completely move to decentralization. However, one should take into account the fact that even if they are safer, they work much slower than before.
Chapter 5: Architectural Layers:
- Browser dApps
First of all, the first layer in the Web 3.0 application blockchain infrastructure is the dApps browser. So what is browser dApps?
The dApps browser will allow you to access the decentralized application. A regular browser like Firefox or Chrome does not have the infrastructure to allow you to browse new decentralized applications.
Some dApps browsers provide you with a full desktop browser like a user interface. The only difference is that you can access the regular Internet along with the new Web 3.0 applications.
MetaMask is one of the most popular. It is actually a plugin that you can add to Mozilla, Chrome, and Brave. You don't need to run a full node to use it, which is why it is so efficient.
Other browsers are Trust browser and Cipher. They also have great results when it comes to web browsers. Cipher is designed for mobile devices and allows you to view and choose from all decentralized applications.
It's similar to the Google App Store, but here you get all the decentralized apps in one place. The same goes for the Trust browser, but it offers a wallet service to keep track of all your cryptocurrencies for in-app purchases.
- Application hosting
This layer is absolutely essential for placing the next layer (dApps). Have you ever wondered about all these apps you download, how they actually work? Hosting makes the application available through cloud storage.
Thus, the application will be hosted on a decentralized network that uses software as a service (SaaS).
A decentralized application needs this layer and provides a lot of support to users. This level allows you to easily access all applications and integrate them with any device.
- Decentralized applications
dApps are most likely one of the important layers. With the advancement of blockchain technology, dApps are now adopting our typical centralized application system.
People can now connect using a network of peer-to-peer servers on the blockchain network. The dApps community has gone through some major changes over the past few years. To build a robust app, you need external data, computing, monetization, file storage, and a payment system.
- Chapter 5.2. Services and additional components
The second stage of layers basically goes to the technological level. This layer covers all the important tools for creating and running a dApps layer. It usually covers data channels, autonomous computing, DAOs, state channels, and sidechains.
- Data channel
The data feed is also known as the web feed and is one of the important aspects. It is a mechanism used to obtain updated information from reliable sources. In the new deep technology, the data feeds will obviously be decentralized.
- Off-chain computing
Off-chain computation speaks for itself. The computation process is performed outside the blockchain application stack. It is comparatively cheaper and saves time than on-chain computation. Off-chain calculations will not only ensure that the values are valid, but also ensure that they cannot be undone.
Off-chain compilation provides an extra layer of privacy and ideal backups for decentralized application development. Virtual memory systems are a perfect example for this piece.
- Management
You might be wondering how the governance component will be in a decentralized system. However, this is actually quite necessary for a particular IT stack infrastructure.
In this case, there will be no need for any human management. Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) is ideal for developers to use in their projects. The whole system is built on smart contracts
- State channels
State channels are simply a two-way path between two peers that want to communicate with each other through transactions. Each user on the channel will need to sign their transactions with their private key to ensure that they are fully authorized and come from a real user.
These channels are also available to members only. However, these channels have a limited time period, which means they will disappear after a given period of time.
- Additional components
A multisig signature ensures transaction security by providing a unique token. These addresses will require any user to sign a transaction on the network before he / she transmits the package.
You can decide how many signatures you want or need to provide before creating an address.
BitGo pioneered this new technology and is now widely used in the Web 3.0 blockchain stack.
- Oracles
Oracles are a form of data feeds used on the blockchain network to support smart contracts. They act as an agent who learns information about a real situation and transfers this information to smart contracts.
What for?
The blockchain network has no access to the outside world. Thus, if the network wants to execute smart contracts or needs any information outside the network, it will have to access the information in other ways.
To unlock certain conditions in a smart contract, a certain value is required. Once he gets all the meaning from the oracles, he can act according to the instructions.
Thus, the oracles actually work as a provider of these values. It could be anything, some kind of market assessment, payments, or something else.
The Oracle is one of the most important parts of the Web 3.0 blockchain technology stack. Without this, the network will not be able to function properly.
- Purse
By wallet, I mean digital wallets or cryptocurrency wallets. These are programs that store the user's public and private keys and interact with other blockchain networks. With their help, you will be able to track your digital assets such as bitcoin, ethereum, litecoin and many others.
- Digital assets
Digital assets can be different. The new Web 3.0 blockchain stack offers the use of cryptocurrencies. You can also see images, multimedia, text contracts as digital assets.
- Smart contracts
Smart contracts completely eliminate the middleman. You will not have to face trust issues and you will be able to exchange your valuables such as money, stocks or property, and even tokens without conflict.
- Digital identification
Digital identity is extremely important to the Web 3.0 blockchain application architecture as everyone will be connected over the Internet. Therefore, it is necessary to have a digital ID that identifies you or authorizes you where needed.
You can have multiple digital IDs on different platforms where needed. However, digital identity will ensure your security and privacy in general.
Digital identity will have some specific attributes such as:
your username and password; Date of Birth; your online activity; social Security number; transaction history; medical records.
A digital ID can be used to refer to other assets such as domains, emails, URLs, etc. In a world where cybercrime is on the rise, this is definitely a must.
- Distributed file storage
This is the place on the server where the data is stored. You can access the data however you like. Authentication will be required to access the server, and after that it will only grant full control to the authorized client.
- Chapter 5.3. Network layer (protocol layer):
The networking layer covers various consensus algorithms, participation requirements, virtual machines, and more. Let's take a closer look at them.
- Consensus Algorithm
The blockchain uses consensus algorithms to make the nodes come to an agreement. This is a great process to make the network more efficient. What for? Well, they add a new level of reliability, even with untrusted nodes.
The problem here is to solve the well-known consent problem. Basically, if the network has multi-agent systems and distributed computing protocols.
For this to become a reality, the algorithm must think that some nodes will most likely be unavailable and the network will suffer data loss. This makes the algorithm a fault-tolerant machine. Providing fault tolerance from the start will improve the efficiency of the network because it will be ready for it even if it doesn't.
Many developers are now experimenting with algorithms nonstop. The goal is to make the one that is most effective for the users.
- Side chains
Sidechain is a unique kind of evolving mechanism that allows tokens or other assets to move from the parent blockchain to a separate blockchain and then back again.
Sidechain has tremendous potential for developers. Developers can easily develop decentralized applications within the side chain without affecting the main chain. However, everyone on the network will be able to leverage the effectiveness of the applications.
They are independent cells of various blockchains, which must themselves provide security. Thus, they can be hacked. However, if a side chain is compromised, it will only affect one and not the others.
- Virtual machine
The Ethereum virtual machine is now quite popular among all the new blockchain technology systems.
The main focus in virtual machines is on securing and executing untrusted source code from all computers on the network. In simple terms, a virtual machine prevents the most common threat in the world of cryptography - a denial of service attack.
This type of cyberattack is quite deadly because it can make network resources inaccessible to the user. It can also ensure that no programs can interfere with each other's tasks and that everything continues to run smoothly.
Chapter 6: How Web 3.0 Will Change Our Lives?
Large companies in the IT industry are monopolists in the information field. The value of information is undoubtedly increasing rapidly. The Web 3.0 stack will be a big hit with these enterprise companies. It will be decentralized and more democratic. We will soon see changes in our daily life.
Cryptocurrencies are already battling federal banks and governments. Thanks to Foxconn, we got the world's first blockchain mobile phone. Platforms will become unreliable. People's personal information will no longer be a product to sell.
We are already seeing changes around us. Zug, a city in Switzerland, has registered all of its citizens' IDs on the Ethereum blockchain.
Sites such as Pirate's Bay have been hit repeatedly by various governments due to copyright issues. But the site is extremely popular with ordinary users. In this way, sites like Pirate Cove will be protected from such violent actions by governments.
Users can now sleep peacefully as their personal information is more secure with improved encryption.
Various applications will take over major sites like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Google Drive and popular browsers. Decentralized applications will be the thing of tomorrow.
Video guide: https://youtu.be/R3-WogeUPKo
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Everything about the new direction of Web3 using the blockchain stack. Why is Graph so important to Web3?
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