Emdrive. How it works . Something about gravity, matter and interactions.
A well-known "bucket with a magnetron" can probably develop decent traction, but only in the presence of gravitational force, and with some modernization. Actually, this is not an engine, but a gravity compensator. At the same time, no matter what side of this "bucket" you turn, the thrust direction will always be, mainly, against the force of gravity, but with slightly different efficiency. In the "bucket", as the experimenters say, there is a vacuum, but I believe that there the substance actually works, in fact, the water vapor released from the hydroxide of copper . Perhaps because of the anisotropy of the gravitational properties of the "bucket" near massive objects, for example, the Earth, a component of the thrust perpendicular to the direction of gravity appears with the corresponding orientation of the device. It seems that if the "bucket" is filled with demineralized water, then the thrust can exceed the weight of the "bucket" with a sufficient supply of microwave power and a polished gilded inner surface. I guess that works like this.
Between the lid and the bottom of the bucket there appears a microwave resonator is tuned to the frequency of the magnetron (taking into account the dielectric constant of the contents). In the oxygen atom contained in water molecules, there are many energy absorption lines in the microwave spectrum, and one of them will fit the frequency of the existing magnetron. As a result, we have an excited electron in the shell of an oxygen atom.
If our traditional ideas about the structure of the atom and the nature of gravity corresponded to reality, nothing would have happened. But in reality, everything is not like that.
The electron, not of the first inner layer, has a complex shape, but it can be neglected, and consider it an easy sphere, of some arbitrary thickness, around a positively charged nucleus, which is heavy relative to the mass of the electron. A pair of this electron, if present, compensates for the manifestation of its magnetic properties. Sometimes such magnetic properties are compensated by a similar electron of another atom. But, if there is an external electromagnetic effect, then there is a force acting on the electron. Suppose that the electromagnetic wave is perpendicular to the plane on which this article is placed, and the vector of the electric component of the wave is maximal and pulls the electron to the left.
(The magnetic vector of the electron, we assume, is oriented vertically). Further, the emerging magnetic component pulls the electron down (or up). Further, the electrical component pulls the electron to the right. Then the magnetic pulls up (or down). And so on. That is, the center of the mass of the electron is spinning around the nucleus, and not the electron is "swelling" moving to a new energy level! At the quantum level, the physical meaning of this phenomenon does not change, simply the magnitudes of these manifestations become discrete. This generates a rotating electric dipole moment. Also, the excited electron acquires a moment of inertia with the plane of rotation of the mass coinciding in the plane with the plane of rotation of the dipole vector.
The change in the assumed initial conditions does not affect the essence of the process does not affect, but only affects the direction of rotation. It should be noted that in the described case the electron is excited by two of the three possible mutually perpendicular degrees of freedom of the vibrational motion. It is possible to excite an electron in degrees of freedom from one to three. If the magnetic vector of the electron is not substantially perpendicular, and the direction of the electromagnetic interaction wave does not occur, the rotation of the electron's center of mass around the nucleus does not begin (the oscillations can appear). While the plane of this rotation is perpendicular to the direction of gravity - nothing happens. But as soon as a molecule strikes an inclined wall, or another molecule (due to Brownian motion, electric or magnetic impact), everything changes.
The plane of rotation is no longer perpendicular to gravity (it is inclined, it precesses or rotates). There begins the pulsation of the component of the electric dipole moment in the direction of gravity. I believe that gravity is a manifestation of the dipole electric moment of the mass. Why - I will explain further.
So, the pulsation of the projection of the dipole moment on the direction of gravity does not occur with a constant phase velocity.
It's like a ball rolling on an inclined circular chute. When the balloon is at the top, it slows down, and accelerates at the bottoms. The same happens to the rotation of the electric dipole. When the dipole is turned against the action of the gravitational dipole of the earth, its motion slows down when turned in the direction of attraction, it accelerates. Thus, on the average, not perpendicular to the direction of gravity, the rotating dipole is repelled by the gravitational electric dipole of the Earth to a greater or lesser extent.
That is, the weight of such a dipole either decreases or becomes negative. The device, emdrive, as a result, repels from the gravitational influence of the earth, due to the impact of molecules repelled from gravity on the inner surface of the bucket. Then, some time in future, the energy of the excited electron is radiated into heat, into a microwave quantum, or other quanta, and a new microwave pump is required for the oxygen atom.
The radiation of the electron energy occurs when the electron system is unbalanced electronically - the nucleus, that is, when you try to quickly expand an electron in space by acting on its magnetic moment by an electromagnetic wave, by the magnetic action of another atom or by an external magnetic action. The gyroscopic precession of the electron begins, apart from the atomic system, while the atom tries to maintain the position of the electron due to its mass and electrical forces.
The entire cause of radiation is in the difference in the behavior of unexcited and excited electrons in a rapidly changed magnetic effect, and the creation, as a result, of an inadmissible system. Because of this process, the electron is forced to get rid of a quantum of energy rotating its center of mass around the nucleus.
Now a few words about the nature of gravity. In our world, and not in the world of antimatter, there is always a positively charged core in atoms and a negatively charged electron shell.
Also, as in permanent magnets, the effect of a non compensated internal circular current in atoms and domains manifests only on the surface, then gravitational dipole is a surface effect, more precisely, the effect of a surface gradient of density. But, for simplicity, we will assume that the density of the substance is constant, and the boundary of the substance is defined. So, on the surface of the body, where the electron shells of the atoms "touch" each other, they are electrically repelled, and a part of the electron shell "squeezes out" into the free outer zone.
Why, then, does the core, in this case, not occupy the position of the electrical center of its electron shell? Because the nucleus is attracted not only by its electronic shell, but also by the electron shells of neighboring atoms, since these attracting shells (nearby parts of the shells) are almost twice (in rough approximation) closer than the repulsive nuclei of these atoms, and the electric force of the action is inversely proportional to the square of the distance.
This is very similar to the phenomenon of tides on the Earth. Only the water on Earth is attracted by the Moon, and the electron shell of the atom is repelled by another atom. As a result, an electric dipole moment appears in outer atoms, inducing the dipole moment of internal atoms and forming gravitational forces outside and inside the substance. The nuclei of the outer atoms shift toward the center of mass of the substance, shifting, too, the nuclei of the more deeply located atoms in the same direction to a smaller amount. The simplest mathematical modeling confirms this phenomenon.
Thus, I assume that the weight of the uncompensated electret rotated by the electric dipole moment of gravity and against it is slightly different, although the mass is constant (attention: when measurements are being done it is necessary to compensate as well as take into account or block static intensity of electric field of the Earth's ionosphere). Of course, weight differs by a very small amount, since the ratio of the dipole moment to the mass of electrets is extremely small.
One should pay special attention to the fact that there is no magnetic field and electric field as a physical object, and it is nothing more than a convenient mathematical model, with limited applicability, for calculating magnetic and electric interactions. And, here, the electromagnetic field is a real physical object. So, there is an electrostatic interaction, like the interaction of charges that are not compensated in terms of magnitude. Magnetic interaction, as the interaction is not compensated for moving charges. And the gravitational interaction, as a kind of electric dipole interaction, because of the mutually induced dipole moment on any objects of mass (precisely because of the mutual guidance of the dipole moment, this dipole interaction decreases inversely proportional to the square of the distance, and not to the distance), affecting, among other things, and electromagnetic quanta. The electric dipole interaction is the interaction of charges with an uncompensated spatial position.
There are strong and weak (electroweak according to Sh. Glashow, A. Salam and S. Weinberg) interactions, approximately the same, electromagnetic nature.
Any mass has an electromagnetic nature (the energy of the rest mass is equal to the mass multiplied by the squared speed of light). That is, a linear electromagnetic wave or electromagnetic quantum folded like an electron acquires, by folding and / or spinning, an additional energy equal to the product of its energy by the speed of light and acquires a rest mass in this quasistationary state (can be represented as a de- Broil wave).
And the impulse is, in fact, the mass of the electromagnetic quantum in linear motion. A certain volume filled exclusively with electromagnetic quanta (with a close to ideal internal reflecting surface or so large that the time of the movement of quanta in it is longer than the measurement time) has, respectively, rest mass and gravity. Perhaps this is the basis of dark matter. An electromagnetic wave can interact with an electric dipole and a current loop that creates a magnetic effect, while its path is curved, and in the projection onto a straight line, slows down - this is the cause, for example, of the refraction of light in the glass.
The closer the wavelength to the dimensions of the dipoles and contours, the greater the dispersion is. An electromagnetic wave can curl up on its own dipole and magnetic impact - this is the substance. The configuration and shape of a folded wave or combinations of waves that form hadrons and other elementary particles can be quite different and complex, with bosons being the elements and / or properties of these structures.
One can turn matter into a linear electromagnetic wave or a combination of a wave and another substance by interaction with antimatter, that is by a linear wave folded in the opposite direction, or possibly by a powerful electric dipole or magnetic impact, for example, by means of dipole resonance or in spontaneous or forced decay of a particle. Moreover, I suppose that with the help of dipole resonance it is possible to roll a linear wave back into matter.
Quasistationary constructions (or constructions whose own velocity is much lower than the speed of light), electromagnetic waves or electromagnetic waves and plasma also include different types of ball lightning, which possess all the properties of matter.
Understanding the physics of the process, you can create and its exact mathematical modeling, and thus, to calculate the specific values of the above described phenomenon.
. Fortunately, modern methods of numerical simulation and computer technology make it easy to do this with the appropriate team and equipment. At home, "on my knees" I cannot really do it. The results obtained, I am sure, will fully confirm the classical mathematical model of gravitation and will open new possibilities for overcoming the attraction of the Earth.
Russia, Moscow, 01.04.2018, Dmitry Rozno