Linking words: как связывать идеи в речи и письме 🔗
Хотите звучать связно и логично? Linking words — ваш секрет! Превращаем набор предложений в стройный текст.
➕ ДОБАВЛЕНИЕ (и ещё, более того)
Moreover— более того (формально) The hotel is cheap. Moreover, it's near the beach.
Furthermore — кроме того This is expensive. Furthermore, it's low quality.
In addition — в дополнение In addition to English, she speaks French.
Besides — кроме того I don't want to go. Besides, I'm tired.
Also — также (нейтрально) She's smart. She's also kind.
And — и (базовое) I like tea and coffee.
⚡ КОНТРАСТ (но, однако)
However — однако (формально) I studied hard. However, I failed the exam.
Nevertheless — тем не менее It's expensive. Nevertheless, I'll buy it.
Although / Though — хотя Although it's raining, we'll go out.
On the other hand — с другой стороны It's cheap. On the other hand, quality is poor.
But — но (нейтрально) I like it, but it's too expensive.
Yet — и всё же It's small, yet comfortable.
🎯 ПРИЧИНА (потому что)
Because — потому что I stayed home because I was sick.
Since — поскольку (формально) Since you're here, let's start.
As — так как As it's late, I'll go home.
Due to — из-за (+ существительное) Due to rain, the match was cancelled.
Because of — из-за (+ существительное) Because of traffic, I'm late.
📊 РЕЗУЛЬТАТ (поэтому, следовательно)
Therefore— следовательно (формально) I was sick. Therefore, I stayed home.
Thus — таким образом He didn't study. Thus, he failed.
As a result — в результате It rained. As a result, we cancelled the trip.
Consequently — следовательно She worked hard. Consequently, she got promoted.
So — поэтому (разговорное) I was tired, so I went to bed.
📝 ПРИМЕРЫ
For example — например I love fruits. For example, apples and oranges.
For instance — например (формально) Some cities, for instance Paris, are expensive.
Such as — такие как I like sports such as tennis and swimming.
Like — как (разговорное) I enjoy activities like reading.
🔢 ПОСЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬНОСТЬ
Firstly / First — во-первых Secondly / Second — во-вторых Finally / Lastly — наконец
Firstly, it's expensive. Secondly, it's far. Finally, I don't need it.
Then — затем Next — далее After that — после этого
🎓 ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ
In conclusion — в заключение In conclusion, this is a great opportunity.
To sum up — подводя итог To sum up, we need more time.
Overall — в целом Overall, the trip was fantastic.
In short — короче говоря In short, I disagree.
💡 КАК ИСПОЛЬЗОВАТЬ
В эссе:
Firstly, education is important. Moreover, it opens opportunities. However, it's expensive. Therefore, we need scholarships. In conclusion, invest in education.
В презентации:
**First**, let's look at sales. Next, marketing strategy. Finally, future plans.
В разговоре:
I want to go, but I'm busy. Besides, it's too far. So I'll stay home.
⚠️ ПУНКТУАЦИЯ
С запятой после However, I disagree. Therefore, we stopped.
Без запятой: I stayed home because I was tired.
Точка с запятой: It's expensive; however, it's worth it.
📝 ПРАКТИКА
Соедините предложения
I like coffee. I don't drink it at night. (but)
It was raining. We stayed home. (so)
She's smart. She's hardworking. (moreover)
🎯 УРОВНИ ФОРМАЛЬНОСТИ
Разговорное: but, so, also, like Нейтральное: however, therefore, for example Формальное: nevertheless, thus, furthermore
Используйте linking words — и ваша речь станет профессиональной! 💼
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#английскийязык #linkingwords #writing #грамматика #учуанглийский #eng4u_pro
