For comparison, the Japanese cities of Tokyo and Osaka, due to groundwater pumping and compaction of loose rocks, have fallen by 4 m in recent years (with an annual precipitation rate of up to 50 cm). Thus, only detailed studies of the interrelationship between natural and anthropogenic relief-forming processes will help to eliminate the undesirable consequences of human economic activity on the earth's surface.
Climate impacts - In recent years, in some regions of the world, these impacts have become critical and dangerous for the biosphere and for human existence.
Annually, as a result of human economic activity all over the world, the inflow of pollutants into the atmosphere amounted to 190 million tons of sulphur dioxide, 65 million tons of nitrogen oxides, 25.5 million tons of carbon oxides, etc. In addition, more than 700 million tons of dusty and gaseous compounds are emitted annually during fuel combustion. All this leads to an increase in the concentration of anthropogenic pollutants in the air: carbon monoxide and dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, ozone, freons, etc. They have a significant impact on the global climate, causing negative consequences: "greenhouse effect", depletion of the "ozone layer", acid rain, photochemical smog, etc.
The increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has led to global warming of the climate: the average air temperature has increased by 0.5-0.6-0.0 C (compared to the pre-industrial period), and by the beginning of 2000 this increase will be 1.2-0 C and by 2025 may reach 2.2-2.5 C. For the Earth's biosphere, such climate change can have both negative and positive environmental impacts.
The first ones are: rising sea level (the current rate of water rise is about 25 cm in 100 years) and its negative consequences; disturbances of permafrost stability (increase of soil thawing, activation of thermocarbons), etc.
Positive factors include: increased intensity of photosynthesis, which may have a positive impact on the yield of many crops, and in some regions - on forestry. In addition, such climate change may have an impact on the river flow of large rivers, and thus on water management in the regions. A paleogeographic approach (taking into account past climates) to this problem will help to forecast changes not only in the climate but also in other components of the biosphere in the future.
Impact on marine ecosystems - it is manifested in the annual inflow of huge amounts of contaminants (oil and oil products, synthetic surfactants, sulfates, chlorides, heavy metals, radionuclides, etc.) to water bodies. All this causes the ultimate degradation of marine ecosystems: eutrophication, reduction of species diversity, replacement of entire classes of bottom fauna with pollution-resistant ones, mutagenicity of bottom sediments, etc.
The results of the Ecological Monitor of the Russian Seas allowed ranking the latter according to the degree of ecosystem degradation (in descending order of the scale of changes): Azov - Black - Caspian - Baltic - Japanese - Barents - Okhotsk - White - Laptev - Kara - East Siberian - Bering - Chukchi Seas. It is obvious that the most clearly negative consequences of anthropogenic impact on marine ecosystems are manifested in the southern seas of Russia.
In order to solve the ecological problems of the seas within the framework of the special Program of complex ecological monitoring of the ocean, extensive researches are already carried out in order to forecast the state of the natural environment in the basins of the southern seas.
Conclusion
In conclusion, it can be concluded that unidirectional human activity can cause colossal damage to the natural ecosystem, which will entail large costs of restoration in the future.